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More than a billion people around the world have smartphones, almost all of which come with avigation (导航) apps such as Google or Apple Maps. This raises the questions we meet with any technology: What skills are we losing? What abilities are we gaining?
Talking with people who're good at finding their way around or using paper maps, I often hear lots of frustration with digital maps. North/South direction gets messed up, and you can see only a small section at a time.
But consider what digital navigation aids have meant for someone like me. despite being a frequent traveler, I'm so terrible at finding my way that I still use Google Maps every day in the small town where I have lived for many years. What looks like an imperfect product to some has been a significant expansion of my own abilities.
Part of the problem is that reading paper maps requires specific skills. There is nothing natural about them. In many developed nations, including the U. S., one expects street names and house numbers to be meaningful references, and instructions such as "go north for three blocks and then west" make sense. In Istanbul, in contrast, where I grew up, none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals rarely use street names. Why bother when a government or a military group might change them again? Besides, the city is full of winding, ancient alleys that meet newer avenues at many angles. Instructions as simple as “go north" would require a helicopter or a bulldozer (推士机).
Let's come back to my original questions. While we often lose some skills after leaving the work to technology, it may also allow us to expand our abilities. Consider the calculator: I don't doubt that our arithmetic skills might have dropped a bit as the little machines became common, but calculations that were once boring and tricky are now much more straightforward and one can certainly do more complex calculations more confidently.
全世界有超过10亿人拥有智能手机，几乎所有的智能手机都配有导航(导航) 谷歌或苹果地图等应用程序。这就提出了我们在使用任何技术时都会遇到的问题：我们正在失去什么技能？我们获得了什么能力？
与那些善于四处寻找或使用纸质地图的人交谈时，我经常听到很多人对数字地图感到沮丧。南北方向变得一团糟，一次只能看到一小段。
但想想数字导航设备对像我这样的人意味着什么。尽管我是一个经常出差的人，但我很难找到自己的路，所以我仍然每天在我居住多年的小镇上使用谷歌地图。在一些人看来，这是一个不完美的产品，它极大地扩展了我自己的能力。
部分问题在于阅读纸质地图需要特定的技能。它们一点也不自然。在包括美国在内的许多发达国家，人们希望街道名称和门牌号码能成为有意义的参考，“向北走三个街区，然后向西走”这样的指示是有意义的。相比之下，在我长大的伊斯坦布尔，这些都不成立。首先，当地人很少使用街道名称。当一个政府或军事团体可能再次改变他们时，为什么要麻烦呢？此外，这座城市充满了蜿蜒的古老小巷，从多个角度与新的大道交汇。像“北上”这样简单的指示需要直升机或推土机(推士机).
让我们回到我最初的问题上来。虽然我们在把工作交给技术之后经常会失去一些技能，但这也可能让我们扩大自己的能力。以计算器为例：我毫不怀疑，随着小型机器的普及，我们的算术技能可能会有所下降，但曾经无聊而棘手的计算现在变得更加简单，人们当然可以更自信地进行更复杂的计算。
句子成分分析：
[More than] a billion people (around the world) have smartphones, (almost all of which come with avigation (导航)
apps (such as Google or Apple Maps)).
句子语法结构详解：
* have 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* almost 开头为非限制性定语从句。
* come 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* all 为不定代词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
more than | 超过, 不只 |
around the world | 在世界各地,全世界 |
1) 配有……，与……一起供给 2) 伴随……发生，伴随……而来 | |
such as | 1) 例如，比如 2) 像……那样的，诸如……之类的 |
Vocabulary:
a billion | 十亿 | |
people ['pi:pl] | n. | 1) 人，人们，大家 2) 国民，人民，臣民，群众 |
have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有，持有 2) 吃，喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病，出现(某症状) |
smartphone | n. | 智能手机，智能电话 |
almost ['ɔ:lmәust] | ad. | 几乎; 差不多 |
all [ɔ:l] | pron | 全部, 全数, 一切 |
app | n. | 1) （下载到智能手机或平板电脑等设备上使用的）应用软件 2) 应用程序；应用软件 |
n. | 谷歌(美国互联网搜索引擎公司） | |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或，或者，还是 2) 否则，要不然 |
apple ['æpl] | n. | 苹果 |
map [mæp] | n. | 地图 |
句子成分分析：
Instructions (as simple as)"go [north]"would require a helicopter or a bulldozer(推士机).
句子语法结构详解：
* as simple as 为后置定语。
* go 开头为祈使句。
* go 为谓语。
* require 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* would 为情态动词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Vocabulary:
instruction [in'strʌkʃәn] | n. | 1) （通常用复数) 指示，命令，吩咐 2) （instructions）用法说明，操作指南 |
simple ['simpl] | a. | 1) 简单的，易做的，易于理解的 2) 朴素的，简朴的，不加装饰的 |
go [gəu] | vi. | 1) 去, 走 2) 旅行 |
north [nɔ:θ] | ad. | 向北方, 在北方 |
require [ri'kwaiә] | vt. | 1) 需要，有赖于 2) 要求，规定 |
helicopter ['helikɔptә] | n. | 直升机 |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或，或者，还是 2) 否则，要不然 |
bulldozer ['buldәuzә] | n. | 推土机 |
句子成分分析：
I don't doubt | that ourarithmetic skills might have dropped [a bit] || as the little machines became common, ||
but calculations (that were [once] boring and tricky) are [now] mucmore straightforward || and one can certainly
do more complex calculations [more confidently].
句子语法结构详解：
(became 为 become 的过去式。don't = do not)
* 第1个 do 为助动词。
* doubt 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* 第1个 that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* dropped 为谓语，采用完成时态。
* as 为连词，引导状语从句。
* became 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* common 为形容词作表语。
* but 为并列连词，连接并列句，表转折。
* 第2个 that 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* were 为系动词作谓语，采用一般过去时。
* boring 为形容词作表语。
* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* straightforward 为形容词作表语。
* 第2个 and 为并列连词，连接并列句。
* 第2个 do 为谓语。
* may, can 为情态动词。I 为人称代词主格。our 为形容词型物主代词。have 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
a bit | 一点 |
1) 多很多，多得多 2) (修饰形容词或副词)...得多, 更加... |
Vocabulary:
doubt [daut] | vt. | 1) 怀疑，不相信，不信任 2) 对……无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能 |
skill ['skil] | n. | 1) 技巧，技艺 2) 技能，技术 |
drop [drɔp] | vi. | 1) (意外地)落下，掉下 2) （故意）降落，落下 |
as [æz] | conj. | 1) 由于, 因为 2) 当...时, 在...期间, 随着... |
little ['litl] | a. | 1) 小的，少的 2) （用在形容词的后面）可爱的，可怜的，讨厌的 |
machine [mә'ʃi:n] | n. | 1) 机器，机械装置 2) （组织的）核心机构 |
become [bi'kʌm] | vi. | 变化，变成 |
common ['kɔmәn] | a. | 1) 常见的,通常的, 普遍的 2) 共有的,共享的,共同的 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
calculation [,kælkju'leiʃәn] | n. | 1) 计算 2) 预测，推测 |
once [wʌns] | ad. | 1) 曾经 2) 一次，一回，仅一次 |
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