When Omar Yaghi was growing up in Jordan, his neighborhood received water for only about 5 hours once every 2 weeks. If Yaghi wasn’t up at dawn to turn on the taps to store water, his family, their cow, and their garden had to go without. At a meeting last week, Yaghi, now a chemist at the University of California, reported that he and his colleagues have created a solar-powered device that could provide water for millions in water-stressed regions. At its heart is a porous crystalline (多孔晶体) material, known as a metal-organic framework (MOF), which acts like a sponge: It sucks water vapor out of air, and then releases it as liquid water.
Yaghi and his colleagues first developed a zirconium( 锆 )-based MOF in 2014 that could harvest and release water. But at $160 per kilogram, zirconium is too expensive for massive use. So, last year, his team came up with an alternative called MOF-303, based on aluminum, which costs just $3 per kilogram, but the harvest was only about 0.2 liters per kilogram of MOF per day.
In July 2019, Yaghi reported that his team has designed a new and far more productive water harvester. Supported by a solar panel to power a fan and heater, which speed the cycles, the new device produces up to 1.3 liters of water per kilogram of MOF per day from desert air. Yaghi expects further improvements to increase that number to 8 to 10 liters per day. And his company plans to release a microwave-size device able to provide up to 8 liters per day this fall. The company promises an enlarged version next year that will produce 22,500 liters per day, enough to supply a small village.
However, it needs to be shown that Yaghi’s MOFs can be produced cheaply on a large scale. Each potential commercial MOF needs to prove itself in stability, efficiency, and life span. But if MOFs can pass those tests, they could offer a solution to some of the world’s most pressing problems.
Omar Yaghi在约旦长大的时候,他的邻居每两周才有大约5个小时的供水。如果Yaghi没有在黎明起床打开水龙头来储存水,他的家人、他们的牛和他们的花园就会没有水。在上周的一次会议上,现为加州大学化学家的Yaghi报告说,他和他的同事们已经发明了一种太阳能设备,可以为缺水地区的数百万人提供水。它的核心是一种多孔晶体(多孔晶体)材料,被称为金属有机框架(MOF),它的作用就像海绵:它从空气中吸收水蒸气,然后以液态水的形式释放出来。
Yaghi和他的同事们在2014年首先开发了一种基于锆(锆)的MOF,可以收集和释放水。但是,每公斤160美元的锆价格对于大规模使用来说太贵了。因此,去年,他的团队提出了一种名为MOF-303的替代方案,以铝为基础,每公斤成本仅为3美元,但每天每公斤MOF的产量仅为0.2升。
2019年7月,Yaghi报告说,他的团队设计了一种新的、更高效的水收集器。在太阳能电池板的支持下,风扇和加热器可以加速循环,新设备每天从沙漠空气中每千克MOF产生高达1.3升水。Yaghi预计进一步的改进将把这个数字提高到每天8到10升。他的公司计划在今年秋天推出一款微波炉大小的设备,每天可以提供多达8升的水。该公司承诺,明年将生产一个放大版,每天可生产22500升,足以供应一个小村庄。
然而,需要证明Yaghi的mof可以廉价地大规模生产。每个潜在的商用MOF都需要在稳定性、效率和寿命方面证明自己。但如果mof能够通过这些测试,它们可能为世界上一些最紧迫的问题提供解决方案。
句子成分分析:
When Omar Yaghi was growing up [in Jordan], his neighborhood received water for [only about 5 hours] [once] [every 2 weeks].
句子语法结构详解:
* when 为连词,引导时间状语从句。
* growing 为谓语,采用一般过去进行时。
* received 为过去分词,作后置定语。
* his 为形容词型物主代词。was 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
grow up | 1) 长大,成熟 2) 发展,形成 |
Vocabulary:
Jordan ['dʒɔ:dәn] | n. | 约旦 |
neighborhood ['neibәhud] | n. | 1) 附近地区,邻里 2) 街区,城区 |
receive [ri'si:v] | vt. | 1) 拿到,接到,收到 2) 体验,受到(某种待遇或伤害) |
water ['wɔ:tә] | n. | 1) 水 2) 水域,江河湖海 |
only ['әunli] | ad. | 只; 仅; 仅仅 |
about [ә'baut] | prep. | 1) 关于, 有关(...的) 2) 在...附近 3) 在...各处 |
hour [auә] | n. | 1) 小时 2) (某个)时间,时段 |
once [wʌns] | ad. | 1) 一次,一回,仅一次 2) 曾经 |
every ['evri] | a. | 1) 每(个), 每一 2) 所有可能的 3) 每隔, 每逢, 每 |
week [wi:k] | n. | 1) 周,礼拜 2) 一周 |
句子成分分析:
[At its heart] is a porous crystalline
([多孔晶体) material], known as a metal-organic framework (MOF), (which acts (like a sponge)): It sucks water vapor
[out of air], and [then] releases it [as liquid water].
句子语法结构详解:
* At its heart 为介词短语引导倒装句。
* is 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* crystalline 为形容词名词化
* known 开头为状语从句。
* which 为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句。
* sucks 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* releases 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* its 为物主代词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
1) 从...出来 2) 离开(某处),不在内; 在外 3) 缺乏(某物); 无 |
Vocabulary:
its [its] | a. | 它的 |
heart [hɑ:t] | n. | 1) 心脏 2) 内心,心肠 |
porous ['pɔ:rәs] | a. | 多孔的;透水的;透气的 |
crystalline | a. | 1) 结晶的;水晶制的;晶状的 2) 清澈的;透明的;晶莹的 |
material [mә'tiәriәl] | a. | 1) 物质的,实际的(非精神需求的) 2) 物质的,客观存在的 |
known [nәun] | a. | 知名的, 出了名的, 已知的 |
as [æz] | conj. | 1) 由于, 因为 2) 当...时, 在...期间, 随着... |
prep. | 1) 作为, 当作 2) 像,如同 | |
framework ['freimwә:k] | n. | 1) 框架,结构 2) 信仰,观点 |
act [ækt] | n. | 1) 行为,行动 2) 法案,法令 |
like [laik] | prep. | 1) 例如, 比方 2) 像,类似, 相似 |
sponge [spʌndʒ] | n. | 1) 海绵块 2) 人造海绵 |
suck [sʌk] | vt. | 1) 吮吸,吸,咂,啜 2) 含在(嘴)里吸食 |
water ['wɔ:tә] | n. | 1) 水 2) 水域,江河湖海 |
vapor ['veipә] | n. | 汽, 蒸气 |
air [єә] | n. | 1) 空气 2) (the air)空中,天空 |
then [ðen] | ad. | 1) 然后 2) 那时,这时, 当时 |
release [ri'li:s] | vt. | 1) 释放,放出,放走 2) 放开,松开,使自由移动(或飞翔、降落等) |
liquid ['likwid] | a. | 1) 液体的,液态的 2) 易变为现金的 |
句子成分分析:
But if MOFs can pass those tests, || they could offer a solution to some (of the world's most pressing problems).
句子语法结构详解:
* if 为连词,引导条件状语从句。
* pass 为谓语。
* they 开头为陈述句。
* offer 为谓语。
* can 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。some 为不定代词。world's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
offer sth to sb | 提供某物给某人 |
Vocabulary:
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
if [if] | conj. | 1) 如果, 倘若 2) 是否 |
pass [pæs] | vt. | 1) 通过(考试),及格 2) 递,传递 |
those [ðәuz] | a. | 那些 |
test [test] | n. | 1) 考查,考试,测试 2) 试验,测试 |
solution [sә'lu:ʃәn] | n. | 1) 解决方法 2) 答案,谜底 |
world [wә:ld] | n. | 1) 世界,人类社会 2) 地球,天下 |
most [mәust] | ad. | 1) 最(与形容词或副词连用构成最高级) 2) (程度上)最大,最多,最高 |
pressing ['presiŋ] | a. | 1) 紧急的;急迫的 2) 难以推却的;不容忽视的 |
problem ['prɔblәm] | n. | 1) 棘手的问题,难题,困难 2) 逻辑题,数学题 |
以上是秒词邦为您整理编写的文章《2021年广东省高三3月月考英语试卷阅读理解D篇》的全部内容。秒词邦是国内权威分题型分考点背诵中高考/四六级考研/专升本/出国单词的专业单词软件。扫描如下小程序码,进入秒词邦官方小程序获取更多英语相关资料! 【关键词:高考单词;高考英语;高中单词;高中英语;单词app;单词软件;记单词app;记单词软件;背单词软件;背单词app;英语单词;四六级单词;四六级英语;四六级单词app;四六级单词软件;考研单词app;考研单词软件;核心单词;高考冲刺复习;高考英语教材;高考英语真题;四六级真题;四六级试题;考研真题;考研英语单词;考研英语真题】