While many of us may have been away somewhere nice last summer, few would say that we’ve “summered.” “Summer” is clearly a noun, more precisely, a verbed noun.
Way back in our childhood, we all learned the difference between a noun and a verb. With such a tidy definition, it was easy to spot the difference. Not so in adulthood, where we are expected to “foot” bills, “chair” committees, and “dialogue” with political opponents. Chances are you didn’t feel uncomfortable about the sight of those verbed nouns.
“The verbing of nouns is as old as the English language,” says Patricia O’Conner, a former editor at The New York Times Book Review. Experts estimate that 20 percent of all English verbs were originally nouns. And the phenomenon seems to be snowballing. Since 1900, about 40 percent of all new verbs have come from nouns.
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, plenty of grammarians object to the practice. William Strunk Jr. and E.B.White, in The Elements of style — the Bible for the use of American English — have this to say: “Many nouns lately have been pressed into service as verbs. Not all are bad, but all are suspect.” The Chicago Manual of Style takes a similar standpoint, advising writers to use verbs with great care.
“Sometimes people object to a new verb because they resist what is unfamiliar to them,” says O’Conner. That’s why we’re comfortable “hosting” a party, but we might feel upset by the thought of “medaling” in sports. So are there any rules for verbing? Benjamin Dreyer, copy chief at Random House, doesn’t offer a rule, but suggests that people think twice about “verbifying” a noun if it’s easily replaceable by an already existing popular verb. Make sure it’s descriptive but not silly-sounding, he says.
In the end, however, style is subjective. Easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English “English.” Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, but as for trying to end verbing altogether, forget it.
虽然我们中的许多人去年夏天可能去了一个不错的地方,但很少有人会说我们“夏天”了。“夏天”显然是一个名词,更准确地说,是一个动词名词。
早在我们的童年时代,我们都学会了名词和动词之间的区别。有了这样一个整洁的定义,很容易发现其中的区别。成年后情况并非如此,在那里,我们被期望“买单”,“主持”委员会,并与政治对手“对话”。很有可能你看到这些动词名词并没有感到不舒服。
《纽约时报书评》前编辑Patricia O'Conner说:“名词的措辞和英语一样古老。”。专家估计,20%的英语动词原来是名词。而且这种现象似乎像滚雪球一样越滚越大。自1900年以来,约40%的新动词来自名词。
即使转换(转化) 是相当普遍的,许多语法学家反对这种做法。小威廉·斯特伦克(William Strunk Jr.)和E.B.White在《风格要素》(The Elements of Style)一书中这样说:“最近许多名词被用作动词。并非所有名词都是坏的,但都是可疑的。”《芝加哥风格手册》(Chicago Manual of Style)也持类似观点,建议作家谨慎使用动词。
奥说:“有时候人们反对一个新的动词,因为他们抗拒自己不熟悉的东西。”。这就是为什么我们很乐意“举办”一个派对,但一想到在体育运动中“获得奖牌”,我们可能会感到不安。那么,措辞有什么规则吗?兰登书屋(Random House)的文案负责人本杰明·德雷尔(Benjamin Dreyer)没有提供一条规则,但他建议,如果一个名词很容易被一个已经存在的流行动词取代,人们应该三思而后行。他说,要确保它是描述性的,但听起来不傻。
然而,归根结底,风格是主观的。几个世纪以来,名词到动词的简单转换一直是英语语法的一部分;这是使英语成为“英语”的过程之一。并不是每一种硬币(新创的词语) 被普遍使用,但至于试图完全结束措辞,请忘记它。
句子成分分析:
While many (of us) may have been away [somewhere] nice [last summer], || few would say | that we've "summered."
句子语法结构详解:
(we've = we have)
* while 为连词,引导状语从句。
* 第1个 have 为助动词。
* been 为系动词作谓语,采用完成时态。
* few 开头为陈述句。
* say 为谓语,采用一般过去将来时。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* 第2个 have 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* may, would 为情态动词。we 为人称代词主格。us 为人称代词宾格。many, few 为不定代词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
1) 离开 2) 不在 | |
last summer | 去年夏天 |
Vocabulary:
while [hwail] | conj. | 1) 当...的时候:, 在...期间; 2) 而, 然而(表示对比或相反) 3) 虽然 |
somewhere ['sʌmhwєә] | ad. | 在某处; 到某处 |
nice [nais] | a. | 1) 好的,令人愉快的,吸引人的 2) 好心的,和蔼的,友好的 |
few [fju:] | n. | 1) 很少, 不多 2) (a few) 几个 |
say [sei] | vt. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 比方说,假设 |
have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有,持有 2) 吃,喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病,出现(某症状) |
句子成分分析:
Even though conversion (转化) is quite universal, || plenty of grammarians object to the practice.
句子语法结构详解:
* even though 引导让步状语从句。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* universal 为形容词作表语。
* plenty of 开头为陈述句。
* object 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
even though | 虽然, 尽管, 即使 |
plenty of | 许多 |
object to... | 反对... |
Vocabulary:
conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] | n. | 1) 转化,转换 2) 皈依,归附 |
quite [kwait] | ad. | 1) 颇,相当,某种程度上 2) 完全, 十分,非常 |
universal [,ju:ni'vә:sl] | a. | 1) 普遍的, 全世界的,共同的 2) 通用的,万能的 |
grammarian [grә'mєәriәn] | n. | 语法学家 |
practice ['præktis] | n. | 1) 实践,实际行动 2) 惯例,常规,守则, (通常的)做法 |
句子成分分析:
Not every coinage (新创的词语) passes into general use, || but as for trying to end verbing [altogether], || forget it.
句子语法结构详解:
* passes 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* but 为并列连词,表转折。
* as 为连词,引导状语从句。句子有省略。
* trying 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* to end 为不定式,作宾语。
* forget 开头为祈使句。
* forget 为谓语。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
not [nɔt] | ad. | 1) 不,没有 2) 不没有 |
every ['evri] | a. | 1) 每(个), 每一 2) 所有可能的 3) 每隔, 每逢, 每 |
coinage ['kɔinidʒ] | n. | 1) (统称某地或某时期的)金属货币;(某种)硬币 2) (国家的)货币制度 |
pass [pæs] | vi. | 1) 通过,走过 2) 及格,合格 |
general ['dʒenәrәl] | a. | 1) 正常的,一般的,常规的 2) 全体的,普遍的,总的 |
use [ju:s] | n. | 1) 使用,应用,利用 2) 用途,功能 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
as [æz] | conj. | 1) 由于, 因为 2) 当...时, 在...期间, 随着... |
try [trai] | vt. | 1) 试图,想要,设法 2) 试,试用,试做,试验 |
end [end] | vt. | 结束,终止 |
altogether [,ɔ:ltә'geðә] | ad. | 完全地, 总而言之 |
forget [fә'get] | vt. | 1) 忘记,遗忘 2) 忘记做(或带、买等) |
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