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Dolphins make a wide range of communicative sounds and also display something called vocal learning, which is the ability of an animal to modify its vocalization(声音)based on its experience with other animals.
Mainly, there are three types of dolphin vocalizations: whistles, clicks, and burst pulses. People still don’t know their precise meanings, but people do know that dolphins use their vocalizations as a way to communicate with one another.
The dolphin whistles are very high frequency sounds, partially above the range of human hearing. What’s fascinating is that each dolphin has a signature whistle, which is unique to each individual dolphin. It allows them to call to or identify each other.
No two signature whistles are same-sounding. As members of the same family, their signature whistles have similar elements. Dolphins use them as a contact calls. They call to each other while travelling and searching for food. It helps keep the group together and helps mother and children find each other. The uniqueness of each dolphin’s signature whistles is just like the following example: if you were travelling in the forest with one other person who was just out of sight, you would call out, “Are you there?” and the other person would respond. But if there were several people in the forest, you would have to call that person’s name.
In addition to whistles, dolphins produce clicks, which are actually sonar or sound waves. They use clicks to communicate, but more importantly to navigate and hunt. How? The sonar clicks bounce off objects and then the dolphins convert the incoming signals into a three dimensional picture, a mental map of what’s around them. The clicks are extremely sensitive and accurate. The sonar clicks are also very strong. One reason why dolphins swim side by side is to avoid interference from each other’s sonar clicks. Interference would be confusing and it would prevent them from getting an accurate picture of their surroundings. And what’s interesting is dolphins will turn off their sonar when another dolphin passes in front.
The third category of dolphin vocalizations is burst pulses. These are all the other sounds the dolphin makes-squeals, barks, groans and so on. Burst pulses are used to display dislike, claim their living area and attract a mate.
海豚会发出各种各样的交流声音，也会表现出一种叫做“声音学习”的能力，这是一种动物根据与其他动物的交流经验来修改自己发声的能力(声音)。
海豚主要有三种发声方式:口哨声、咔哒声和脉冲声。人们仍然不知道它们的确切含义，但人们知道海豚用它们的发声作为一种相互交流的方式。
海豚的口哨声是非常高频的声音，部分超过了人类的听觉范围。令人着迷的是，每只海豚都有一个独特的哨声，每只海豚都是独一无二的。它允许它们呼叫或识别彼此。
没有两个签名哨声是相同的。作为同一家族的成员，它们的标志性哨声具有相似的元素。海豚用它们作为联络电话。它们在旅行和寻找食物时互相呼唤。它有助于保持群体团结，帮助母亲和孩子找到彼此。每只海豚标志性哨声的独特性就像下面的例子:如果你和另一个人在森林里旅行，而这个人刚好在你的视线之外，你会喊道:“你在那里吗?”另一个人就会回应。但如果森林里有几个人，你就得叫那个人的名字。
除了口哨声，海豚还会发出咔哒声，这实际上是声纳或声波。它们通过点击来交流，但更重要的是导航和捕猎。如何?声纳的咔哒声被物体反射，然后海豚将输入的信号转换成三维图像，这是一幅关于它们周围事物的心理地图。这些咔哒声非常灵敏和准确。声纳的滴答声也很强烈。海豚并排游泳的一个原因是为了避免彼此的声纳咔嗒声的干扰。干扰会造成混乱，使它们无法准确地了解周围的环境。有趣的是，当另一只海豚经过时，海豚会关闭它们的声纳。
海豚的第三种发声方式是脉冲爆发。这些都是海豚发出的其他声音——尖叫、吠叫、呻吟等等。脉冲是用来表示不喜欢，占领自己的生活区域和吸引配偶的。
句子成分分析：
Dolphins make a wide range (of communicative sounds) and [also] display something called vocal learning, (which is
the ability (of an animal) tomodify its vocalization [based on its experience] [with other animals]).
句子语法结构详解：
* make 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* display 为谓语。
* called 为过去分词，作后置定语。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to modify 为不定式，作状语。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
be based on... | 基于... |
Vocabulary:
dolphin ['dɔlfin] | n. | 海豚 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 做, 制作, 创造，创作, 建造 2) 使出现, 形成 3) 引起, 使产生 |
wide [waid] | a. | 1) 宽的,宽阔的 2) 广大的; 宽广的 |
range ['reindʒ] | n. | 1) （变动或浮动的）范围，界限，区域 2) 一系列 |
communicative [kә'mju:nikeitiv] | a. | 1) 乐意沟通的 2) 语言交际能力的（尤指用外语） |
sound [saund] | n. | 1) 声音 2) 声响 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
also ['ɔ:lsәu] | ad. | 而且；此外；也；同样 |
display [dis'plei] | vt. | 1) 显示，显露，表现（特性或情感等） 2) 陈列，展出，展示 |
something ['sʌmθiŋ] | pron | 1) 某事, 某物 2) 被视为重要或有意义的事物 |
call [kɔ:l] | vt. | 1) 大声叫，大声说 2) 把……叫做，称呼 |
vocal ['vәukl] | a. | 1) 嗓音的，发声的 2) 大声表达的，直言不讳的 |
learning ['lә:niŋ] | n. | 1) 知识, 学问, 学识 2) 学习 |
ability [ә'biliti] | n. | 1) 能力 2) 才能，本领，才智 |
句子成分分析：
[In addition (to whistles)], dolphins produce clicks, (which are [actually] sonar or sound waves).
句子语法结构详解：
* produce 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
in addition to... | 除了...以外(还...) |
sound wave | 声波 |
Vocabulary:
whistle ['hwisl] | n. | 1) 汽笛声，呼啸声 2) 哨子 |
dolphin ['dɔlfin] | n. | 海豚 |
produce [prә'dju:s] | vt. | 1) 生产，制造 2) 生长，出产，繁育 |
click [klik] | n. | 1) 短而尖的声音，喀哒声 2) （对计算机鼠标的）点按，点击 |
actually ['æktʃuәli] | ad. | 1) 实际上，事实上 2) （口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上 |
sonar ['sәunɑ:] | n. | 声吶(利用声波探测水下物体的装置或系统) |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或，或者，还是 2) 否则，要不然 |
句子成分分析：
Burst pulses are used to display dislike, claim their living area and attract a mate.
句子语法结构详解：
* burst 为过去分词作定语
* used 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* to display 为不定式，作主语补足语。
* claim 为不带 to 的不定式。
* attract 为不带 to 的不定式。
* their 为形容词型物主代词。are 为助动词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
be used to do sth | (被)用来做某事 |
Vocabulary:
burst [bә:st] | vt. | 使...爆裂， 使...胀破 |
pulse [pʌls] | n. | 1) 脉搏，脉率 2) 强劲的音乐节拍 |
display [dis'plei] | vt. | 1) 显示，显露，表现（特性或情感等） 2) 陈列，展出，展示 |
dislike [dis'laik] | n. | 1) 厌恶，反感 2) 厌恶之事 |
claim [kleim] | vt. | 1) 宣称，声称（某事） 2) 要求（拥有），索取，认领 3) （灾难、事故等）夺走，夺去（生命） |
living ['liviŋ] | a. | 1) 活着的,活的,健在的 2) 在使用的, 在实施的 |
area ['єәriә] | n. | 1) 地区，区域，地域 2) 面积 3) （物体上的）区，部位 4) 领域，方面 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
attract [ә'trækt] | vt. | 1) 吸引，使喜爱，引起……的好感（或爱慕） 2) 招引 |
mate [meit] | n. | 1) 配偶，性伴侣 2) 朋友，伙伴 |
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