During the outbreak of novel coronavirus, cities are locked down and borders are closed. Science, on the contrary, is becoming more open. And this “open science” is already making a difference.
Soon after the epidemic (流行病) started in China, a research team from Fudan University in Shanghai successfully sequenced (测定序列) the DNA of the virus. But they didn’t keep the information to themselves. Instead, they placed the sequences on GenBank, an open-access data platform, so researchers around the world could download them for free and start studying the virus.
Due to this openness, companies producing drugs across the globe are now able to work at the same time to develop a vaccine (疫苗). “There may be room for multiple different vaccines for different purposes and different age groups,” Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins University center for Health security in the US, told Al Jazeera. “The bigger menu we have of vaccines, the more flexible we’ll be when fighting against coronavirus outbreaks in the future.”
Major drug companies around the world are also sharing their study results. Remdesivir, a drug originally developed by US company Gilead Sciences to treat Ebola, is found to be promising in fighting against the novel coronavirus. Currently, two trials of the drug are already underway in China, and the results might be available as soon as April, according to The Verge.
This openness in science is going to be even more important in the future. “With climate change, increasing globalization, and population shifts, epidemics will not go away, and might even become more frequent,” Dan Barouch, a Harvard Medical School professor, told Harvard Magazine.
He said, “No one group can do everything. It has to be a cooperative approach. But I do think that the world has a greater sense of readiness this time to develop knowledge, drugs, and treatment very rapidly.”
Every epidemic is indeed a crisis, but it can also be a learning opportunity. One redeeming (补偿的) factor of the COVID-19 outbreak is that it is helping science adapt for the better.
在新型冠状病毒爆发期间,城市被封锁,边境被关闭。相反,科学正变得越来越开放。这种“开放科学”已经在发挥作用。
在中国开始流行后不久,上海复旦大学的一个研究小组成功地对病毒的DNA进行了测序。但他们并没有把这些信息保密。相反,他们把这些序列放在一个开放获取的数据平台GenBank上,这样世界各地的研究人员就可以免费下载并开始研究这种病毒。
由于这种开放性,全球生产药物的公司现在能够同时开发疫苗。美国约翰霍普金斯大学卫生安全中心的高级学者Amesh Adalja告诉半岛电视台说:“可能有针对不同目的和不同年龄组的多种不同疫苗的空间。”“我们的疫苗种类越多,未来抗击冠状病毒爆发时就越灵活。”
世界各地的主要制药公司也在分享他们的研究结果。美国吉利德科学公司最初开发的一种治疗埃博拉病毒的药物Remdesivir被发现在对抗新型冠状病毒方面很有希望。据the Verge报道,目前该药物的两项试验已经在中国进行,结果最早可能在4月份公布。
这种科学的开放性在未来将变得更加重要。“随着气候变化、日益全球化和人口变化,流行病不会消失,甚至可能变得更加频繁,”哈佛医学院教授丹·巴鲁克在接受《哈佛杂志》采访时表示。
他说:“没有一个团体能包揽一切。这必须是一种合作的方式。但我确实认为,这一次世界对快速开发知识、药物和治疗有了更大的准备。”
每一场流行病都是一场危机,但它也可以是一个学习的机会。COVID-19疫情的一个可取之处是,它正在帮助科学向更好的方向发展。
句子成分分析:
[Soon after the epidemic (流行病) started in China], a research team (from Fudan University (in Shanghai)) successfully
sequenced (测定序列) the DNA (of the virus).
句子语法结构详解:
* started 为过去分词,作后置定语。
* sequenced 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
soon after... | 在...之后不久 |
Fudan University | 复旦大学 |
Vocabulary:
epidemic [,epi'demik] | n. | 1) 流行病 2) (迅速的)泛滥,蔓延 |
start [stɑ:t] | vt. | 1) 使开始,着手,动手 2) 使发生,开始进行 |
China ['tʃainә] | n. | 中国 |
research [ri'sә:tʃ] | n. | 研究,调查,探索 |
team [ti:m] | n. | 1) (游戏或运动的)队 2) (一起工作的)组,班 |
n. | [中国省市] 上海 | |
successfully | ad. | 顺利地; 成功地 |
sequence ['si:kwәns] | vt. | 将...按顺序排列 |
DNA | abbr | 脱氧核糖核酸(基因的基本成分) |
virus ['vaiәrәs] | n. | 1) 病毒;滤过性病毒 2) 病毒性疾病;病毒病 |
句子成分分析:
[Due to this openness], companies producing drugs [across the globe] are [now] able to work [at the same time] to
develop a vaccine (疫苗).
句子语法结构详解:
* producing 为现在分词,作后置定语。
* are 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* able 为形容词作表语。
* to work 为不定式,作状语。
* to develop 为不定式,作状语。
* the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
due to | 由于 |
be able to do sth | 能... |
at the same time | 同时 |
Vocabulary:
this [θis] | a. | 1) 这(个) 2) 今,本 |
openness | n. | 1) 诚实;率真;坦率 2) 虚心的品质;开明 |
company ['kʌmpәni] | n. | 1) 公司 2) 陪伴 |
produce [prә'dju:s] | vt. | 1) 生产,制造 2) 生长,出产,繁育 |
drug [drʌg] | n. | 1) 药物 2) 毒品 |
across [ә'krɔs] | prep. | 1) 从...一边到另一边,横过 2) 在...对面 |
globe [glәub] | n. | 1) (the globe) 地球,世界 2) 地球仪 |
now [nau] | ad. | 现在, 目前 |
work [wә:k] | vi. | 1) 工作 2) 运行,运转 |
develop [di'velәp] | vt. | 1) 发展, 使壮大 2) 开发,研制 |
vaccine ['væksi:n] | n. | 疫苗,菌苗 |
句子成分分析:
Every epidemic is [indeed] a crisis, || but it can also be a learning opportunity.One redeeming factor (of the COVID19
outbreak) is | that it is helping science adapt || for the better.
句子语法结构详解:
(better 为 good 的比较级形式)
* 第1个 is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* but 为并列连词,连接并列句,表转折。
* be 为系动词作谓语。
* redeeming 为现在分词,作后置定语。
* 第2个 is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* that 为连词,引导表语从句。
* 第3个 is 为助动词。
* helping 为谓语,采用现在进行时。
* adapt 为不带 to 的不定式,作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* for 为并列连词,表原因。
* can 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
every ['evri] | a. | 1) 每(个), 每一 2) 所有可能的 3) 每隔, 每逢, 每 |
epidemic [,epi'demik] | n. | 1) 流行病 2) (迅速的)泛滥,蔓延 |
indeed [in'di:d] | ad. | 1) 其实,实际上 2) 的确, 实在 |
crisis ['kraisis] | n. | 1) 危机 2) 危难时刻,病危期 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
also ['ɔ:lsәu] | ad. | 而且;此外;也;同样 |
learning ['lә:niŋ] | n. | 1) 学习 2) 学问,学识 |
opportunity [,ɔpә'tju:niti] | n. | 机会,时机 |
one [wʌn] | pron | 1) 一个人(或物) 2) (代表前面提到的,避免重复) |
redeem [ri'di:m] | vt. | 1) 补救,弥补,掩饰……之不足 2) 挽回影响,改变印象,维护 |
factor ['fæktә] | n. | 1) 因素 2) [数]因子,因数 |
covid-19 [ˌkəʊ.vɪd.naɪnˈtiːn] | n. | 冠状病毒 (为 coronavirus disease 2019 的简写) |
outbreak ['autbreik] | n. | (暴力、疾病等坏事的)爆发,突然发生 |
help [help] | vt. | 1) 帮助,协助,援助 2) 改善(状况),促进,促使 |
science ['saiәns] | n. | 1) 科学 2) 理科 |
adapt [ә'dæpt] | vi. | 适应 |
for [fɔ:] | conj. | 因为,由于 |
good [gud] | a. | 1) 好的,令人满意的 2) 优质的,符合标准的 |
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