秒词邦

Food experts say washing could spread the germs on your turkey in the kitchen sink or nearby food. But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing （冲洗）off raw poultry. Germs that can make people sick are common in the guts of healthy poultry and are legally allowed to be on raw turkey and chicken. The assumption is that nobody eats their poultry raw, and that thorough cooking will kill the bacteria.

The do — not — wash raw poultry advice from the USDA is relatively new and perhaps hasn't caught on because it goes against the common belief that washing makes things clean, said Chapman. Benjamin Chapman, a study author and food safety expert at North Carolina State University, said the instinct to wash raw poultry goes back at least decades when people relied more on visual clues to spot problems with poultry. Meanwhile, washing hands and surfaces are also important.

But food preparation is a complicated act, and germs from poultry can be spread even if it's not washed, especially when birds are removed from packaging.

The USDA-funded study stresses that point. Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain of E. coli （大肠杆菌）and watched volunteer cooks at test kitchens. Among those who washed their raw chicken, about a quarter ended up spreading the bacteria to their lettuce. But even some of those who did not rinse the chicken got germs on the lettuce. And there are other opportunities for germs to survive on turkeys: melting and cooking.

To ensure a bird is thoroughly cooked, they say to use a thermometer to check that the deepest and thickest parts of it have reached 165 degrees. Even after the meal is cooked, you aren't out of the danger zone. To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe, experts say they should be refrigerated after two hours.

食品专家表示，清洗可能会传播厨房水槽或附近食物中的细菌。但试图说服厨师们停止冲洗生家禽一直是一个挑战。能让人生病的细菌在健康家禽的内脏中很常见，法律允许生火鸡和鸡肉上有细菌。假设没有人生吃家禽，彻底煮熟会杀死细菌。

查普曼说，美国农业部提出的不要清洗生家禽的建议相对较新，可能还没有流行起来，因为它违背了人们普遍认为清洗能使东西干净的观念。研究作者、北卡罗来纳州立大学食品安全专家本杰明·查普曼(Benjamin Chapman)说，清洗生家禽的本能至少可以追溯到几十年前，当时人们更多地依靠视觉线索来发现家禽的问题。同时，洗手和清洁表面也很重要。

但食物准备是一个复杂的过程，家禽的细菌即使没有清洗也会传播，尤其是当家禽从包装中取出时。

美国农业部资助的这项研究强调了这一点。研究人员在生鸡肉上喷洒了一种无害的大肠杆菌菌株，并观察了实验厨房里的志愿者厨师。在那些清洗生鸡肉的人中，大约四分之一的人最终将细菌传播到了生菜上。但即使是那些没有清洗鸡肉的人，生菜上也有细菌。细菌在火鸡身上生存还有其他的机会:融化和烹饪。

为了确保禽类彻底煮熟，他们说要用温度计检查禽类最深和最厚的部分是否达到了165度。即使饭做好了，你也没有脱离危险地带。为了保证火鸡和其他剩菜的安全，专家说它们应该在两个小时后冷藏。

句子成分分析：

But it's been a challenge trying to convince cooks to stop rinsing (冲洗) off raw poultry.

句子语法结构详解：

(it's = it has)

* been 为系动词作谓语，采用现在完成时。
* trying 为现在分词，作状语。
* to convince 为不定式，作宾语。
* to stop 为不定式，作状语。
* rinsing 为动名词，作宾语。
* has 为助动词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Researchers sprayed raw chicken with a harmless strain (of E).coli (大肠杆菌) and watched volunteer cooks [at test kitchens].

句子语法结构详解：

* sprayed 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* watched 为过去分词作定语
* cooks 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

[To keep turkeys and other leftovers safe], experts say | they should be refrigerated [after two hours].

句子语法结构详解：

* To keep 为不定式。不定式短语作句子状语。
* safe 为形容词作宾语补足语(即构成复合宾语)。
* say 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* they 开头为宾语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* refrigerated 为谓语，采用被动语态。
* should 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。be 为助动词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Vocabulary:

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