“传承京剧对我来说是使命”(侨界关注)
张燕燕,中国京剧演员、加拿大中国戏曲艺术协会会长。在央视1986版《西游记》电视剧中饰演七仙女中的黄衣仙女。移居加拿大后曾主演京剧剧目《天女散花》《霸王别姬》《穆柯寨》《贵妃醉酒》《拾玉镯》等,坚持不懈在海外传播中国戏曲文化。
结缘戏曲
张燕燕10岁那年,中国戏曲学院在全国各地招生。来到山东济南的一个少年宫时,考官发现了正在学习跳舞的她,但因为戏曲学院需要住校,张燕燕的父母舍不得年幼的孩子。张燕燕对学习京剧却十分坚定,对戏曲的喜爱和向往让她说服了父母,独自踏上了前往北京学习的道路。
戏曲学院的管理十分严格,张燕燕每天都要五点半起来练早功,学着自己洗衣服、自己照顾自己,那时她经常在半夜因为思念家人偷偷哭泣。年幼的她连寄给家人的信都不会写,生活老师知道后,便一个字一个字教她写在黑板上,她再抄下来寄到家里。张燕燕在学习的过程中总怕自己落后,有些同学喊嗓子喊得好,有些同学气息很长,这时常会让张燕燕怀疑自己,于是她每天跟着大师姐来到教室里加练,等到熄灯铃响了才走,就这样坚持了9年。
毕业后,张燕燕被分配到了国家京剧院,成为了一名京剧演员。刚毕业的她信心百倍,以为终于可以登上梦想中的舞台。然而,由于团里都是资深艺术家,初出茅庐的张燕燕只能跑龙套,只有小型演出才能担当主演。在这样的情况下,张燕燕依然没有放弃,每一次龙套的机会她都十分珍惜。“每一次演出都会让我受益匪浅,舞台上实践和课本学习有很大的区别。”张燕燕说。
然而当时的京剧市场并不景气,没有演出机会的张燕燕只能转战影视领域,这时正赶上央视1986版《西游记》电视剧的杨洁导演来到京剧院选角,有一场“蟠桃会”的戏急需有京剧基础的演员饰演七仙女,张燕燕由于基本功扎实,被选中参与了拍摄。影视领域的实践让张燕燕体验了别样的生活,可热爱京剧的张燕燕觉得这样终究不是长久之计,于是她选择来到加拿大深造学习。
创办协会
刚来到加拿大,张燕燕语言不通,生活遇到了不少困难。一次偶然间,看到一篇报道中提到了当地的京剧演出场所,张燕燕兴奋地来到这里参与演出。由于她的专业能力十分突出,一传十十传百,她在加拿大有了一定名气,这里的华人都被她的专业素养折服,吸收她进入了加拿大艺术家中心,经常邀请她去社区和重要场合演出。
那时在加拿大的中国香港人非常多,有一些人十分喜爱粤剧,看了张燕燕的京剧演出后,纷纷成为了她的粉丝,想要跟她学习。于是张燕燕开始进行京剧基本功教学,从京剧的“手、眼、身、步、法”开始教起,在她的班级上过课的同学,不仅有了京剧基础,唱粤剧也更加得心应手。“学会了京剧的基本功,在其他艺术形式中也能用得上。”张燕燕不禁感叹京剧艺术的博大精深。
2015年,随着学员不断增多,张燕燕开始请一些国内京剧艺术家来到加拿大演出。当时正赶上京剧艺术家张火丁团队来美国表演,张燕燕将他们邀请到了加拿大,很多观众慕名而来,都被这场表演深深震撼,开始要求了解京剧、学习京剧。为了让更多人看到京剧演出,张燕燕创办了加拿大中国戏曲艺术协会,一边组织文化交流活动,一边接收更多的学员学习戏曲艺术。
协会创办之初,了解京剧的人并不多,为了吸引更多学员参与其中,张燕燕会教每一位第一次来到这里的学员一段经典曲目,并鼓励他们参与表演。张燕燕认为,首先要让更多人了解京剧,给他们演出的机会,只有真的参与了演出,知道这件事没有那么难,才会对京剧产生更多兴趣。为此,她也因材施教,根据每一个人的特点进行教学,“嗓子好的人可以学习文戏,跳舞好的人可以练武戏,在台上就是角儿,这个过程非常锻炼人,慢慢京剧就被更多人接受了。”张燕燕说。
传播文化
资金是戏曲协会最困难的方面,最开始,张燕燕连租用场地的经费都没有,需要每一位学员一起平摊费用。然而,在这样的情况下,加拿大戏曲艺术协会举办的演出依然坚持低票价,还会将一些票免费赠送给敬老院的老人们,希望可以让更多人进入剧场了解京剧。
“我们就是想让更多人知道,国外还有一批像我们这样的人在坚持传承国粹,还有一些孩子在坚持学习国粹、弘扬国粹。”张燕燕说。
在张燕燕的学生中,未成年的小孩占很大部分,曾经有一位小学员只有5岁,平时生活中大部分时间说英语,有一次演出,张燕燕直接将不自信的他推上了台,上台后他仿佛变了一个人,唱了一段满宫满调,博得了全场喝彩。那之后,他在日常生活中仪态更端庄了,中文也说得更流利了,他的变化吸引了更多同龄小朋友,纷纷想要来这里学习京剧。
戏曲班的同学们对京剧充满热情,曾经有学生在演出时三四点就起床化妆,头发一勒就是5个小时,上台前已经疼得泪流满面,却依然没放弃。还有一次,一位同学在市政厅广场演出,由于天气热、人流量大,上台前已经虚脱,狂吐不止,却还是在上台后调整到了最佳状态。
除了教学外,张燕燕也积极用其他方式传播戏曲文化。她举办了很多场公益讲座,为高校学生讲授“京剧的美”。曾经有一次进入高校,她从10个方面为学生们讲授了京剧的美,包括服饰的美、语言的美、舞台的美等,很多完全不了解京剧的学生都被深深吸引,纷纷来询问如何才能走进剧场欣赏京剧。
张燕燕也会带着学员在海外各地演出,更广泛地传播京剧。今年,中国驻渥太华总领事馆需要一出武戏表演,张燕燕带着孩子们来到这里演了一出《穆柯寨》。演出结束后,他们开展了一个互动环节,让台下的外国观众猜测京剧中的道具枪除了武器还能代表什么,最终揭晓答案,原来道具枪在舞台上还可以代表骑马,这让外国观众感到十分新奇,纷纷拍手叫好。
在海外传播京剧的30年里,张燕燕坚持口传身教,一个字一个字地传承,一场戏一场戏地传播。提到未来,她说:“传承京剧对我来说是使命,我只是种下了一颗京剧的种子,还有太多地方需要努力,希望有更多人爱上京剧。”
Inheriting Peking Opera is a mission for me. "(Overseas Chinese Concern)
Zhang Yanyan, Chinese Peking Opera performer and president of the Canadian Chinese Opera Art Association. Played the yellow clothed fairy in the 1986 CCTV TV series "Journey to the West". After immigrating to Canada, he starred in Peking Opera plays such as "Heavenly Maiden Scatters Flowers", "Farewell My Concubine", "Muke Village", "Drunken Concubine", "Picking up Jade Bracelets", etc. He persisted in spreading Chinese opera culture overseas.
Joining forces with traditional Chinese opera
When Zhang Yanyan was 10 years old, the Chinese Academy of Performing Arts recruited students from all over the country. When she arrived at a youth palace in Jinan, Shandong, the examiner found her learning to dance, but because the opera academy needed to live on campus, Zhang Yanyan's parents couldn't bear to part with their young child. Zhang Yanyan was very determined to study Peking Opera, and her love and longing for opera convinced her parents to embark on the path of studying in Beijing alone.
The management of the Opera Academy is very strict. Zhang Yanyan wakes up at 5:30 every day to practice morning exercises, learn to do laundry and take care of herself. At that time, she often cried secretly in the middle of the night because she missed her family. As a young girl, she couldn't even write letters to her family. After her life teacher found out, she taught her to write them word by word on the blackboard, and then she copied them down and sent them to her home. Zhang Yanyan is always afraid of falling behind in the process of learning. Some classmates shout well, while others have a long breath. At this time, it often makes Zhang Yanyan doubt herself. So she follows her senior sister to the classroom every day to practice, and only leaves when the lights turn off. She persisted for 9 years.
After graduation, Zhang Yanyan was assigned to the National Peking Opera theatre and became a Peking Opera performer. Just graduated, she had a hundred times more confidence, thinking that she could finally step onto the stage of her dreams. However, due to the fact that all members of the troupe are senior artists, the inexperienced Zhang Yanyan can only play the lead role in small-scale performances. In such a situation, Zhang Yanyan still did not give up, and she cherished every opportunity for a dragon trap. Every performance has benefited me greatly, and there is a big difference between practicing on stage and learning from textbooks, "said Zhang Yanyan.
However, at that time, the Beijing Opera market was not prosperous, and Zhang Yanyan, who had no performance opportunities, had to switch to the film and television industry. At this time, director Yang Jie of the 1986 CCTV drama "Journey to the West" came to the Beijing Opera theater to audition for a role. There was an urgent need for actors with a foundation in Beijing Opera to play the role of the Seven Fairy Maidens in a play called "Peach Blossom Festival". Zhang Yanyan was selected to participate in the filming due to her solid basic skills. The practice in the field of film and television allowed Zhang Yanyan to experience a different kind of life, but Zhang Yanyan, who loves Peking Opera, felt that this was not a long-term solution, so she chose to come to Canada for further studies.
Establishing an Association
Upon arriving in Canada, Zhang Yanyan encountered many difficulties in life due to her language barrier. By chance, Zhang Yanyan saw a report mentioning a local Peking Opera performance venue and excitedly came here to participate in the performance. Due to her outstanding professional abilities, which have been passed down from generation to generation, she has gained a certain reputation in Canada. The Chinese here are impressed by her professional qualities and have absorbed her into the Canadian artist Center, often inviting her to perform in communities and important occasions.
At that time, there were many Hong Kong people in Canada, and some people were very fond of Cantonese opera. After watching Zhang Yanyan's Peking Opera performance, they became her fans and wanted to learn from her. So Zhang Yanyan began teaching the basic skills of Peking Opera, starting from the "hands, eyes, body, steps, and techniques" of Peking Opera. Her classmates who had taught in her class not only had a foundation in Peking Opera, but also became more proficient in singing Cantonese opera. Having learned the basic skills of Peking Opera, it can also be applied in other forms of art, "Zhang Yanyan couldn't help but marvel at the profoundness of Peking Opera art.
In 2015, as the number of students continued to increase, Zhang Yanyan began inviting some domestic Peking Opera artists to perform in Canada. At that time, the team of Peking Opera artist Zhang Huoding came to the United States to perform, and Zhang Yanyan invited them to Canada. Many audience members were deeply impressed by this performance and began to demand to understand and learn Peking Opera. In order to allow more people to see Peking Opera performances, Zhang Yanyan founded the Canadian Chinese Opera Art Association, which organizes cultural exchange activities and accepts more students to learn opera art.
At the beginning of the association's establishment, there were not many people who knew about Peking Opera. In order to attract more students to participate, Zhang Yanyan would teach each student who came here for the first time a classic piece and encourage them to participate in performances. Zhang Yanyan believes that the first step is to let more people understand Peking Opera and give them the opportunity to perform. Only by truly participating in the performance and knowing that it is not that difficult, can they develop more interest in Peking Opera. For this reason, she also teaches according to each person's characteristics. "People with good voices can learn literary opera, those who are good at dancing can practice martial opera, and on stage they can be actors. This process is very exercise oriented, and gradually Beijing opera will be accepted by more people," said Zhang Yanyan.
Spread culture
Funding is the most difficult aspect for the Chinese Opera Association. At the beginning, Zhang Yanyan didn't even have the funds to rent a venue and needed each student to share the cost equally. However, in this situation, the Canadian Performing Arts association still insists on low ticket prices for performances and even gives some tickets for free to the elderly in nursing homes, hoping to allow more people to enter the theater and learn about Peking Opera.
We just want more people to know that there are still a group of people like us abroad who insist on inheriting national quintessence, and some children who insist on learning and promoting national quintessence, "said Zhang Yanyan.
Among Zhang Yanyan's students, a large proportion are underage children. There was once a young student who was only 5 years old and spoke English most of his life. During a performance, Zhang Yanyan directly pushed him onto the stage, who was not confident. After taking the stage, he seemed to have changed into a different person and sang a full palace tune, winning applause from the whole audience. Afterwards, he became more dignified in his daily life and spoke Chinese more fluently. His changes attracted more children of the same age who wanted to come here to learn Peking Opera.
The students in the opera class are full of enthusiasm for Peking Opera. Once, there was a student who got up at three or four o'clock during a performance to put on makeup and tie their hair for five hours. Before going on stage, they were so painful that tears streamed down their faces, but they still didn't give up. Another time, a student gave a performance in the city hall square. Due to the hot weather and large flow of people, he had collapsed and vomited wildly before taking the stage, but he still adjusted to his best state after taking the stage.
In addition to teaching, Zhang Yanyan also actively spreads opera culture through other means. She has held many public lectures to teach college students about the beauty of Peking Opera. Once when she entered university, she taught students about the beauty of Peking Opera from 10 aspects, including the beauty of costumes, language, stage, etc. Many students who had no knowledge of Peking Opera were deeply attracted and came to ask how to enter the theater to appreciate it.
Zhang Yanyan will also lead her students to perform in various places overseas, spreading Peking Opera more widely. This year, the Chinese Consulate general in Ottawa needed a martial arts performance, and Zhang Yanyan brought her children here to perform "Muke Village". After the performance, they conducted an interactive segment where foreign audience members guessed what the prop guns in Peking Opera could represent besides weapons. The answer was finally revealed, and it turned out that prop guns could also represent horseback riding on stage, which made foreign audience members feel very novel and applaud.
During the 30 years of spreading Peking Opera overseas, Zhang Yanyan persisted in oral transmission and example teaching, passing down word by word and spreading it one scene at a time. Speaking of the future, she said, "Inheriting Peking Opera is my mission. I just planted a seed of Peking Opera, and there are still many areas that need to be worked on. I hope more people will fall in love with Peking Opera
1.When she arrived at a youth palace in Jinan, Shandong, the examiner found her learning to dance, but because the opera academy needed to live on campus, Zhang Yanyan's parents couldn't bear to part with their young child.
句子成分分析:
When she arrived at a youth palace [in Jinan], Shandong, || the examiner found her learning to dance, || but because the opera academy needed to live on campus, || Zhang Yanyan's parents couldn't bear to part [with their young child].
句子语法结构详解:
(found 为 find 的过去式。couldn't = could not)
* when 为连词,引导时间状语从句。
* arrived 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* 第1个 the 开头为陈述句。
* found 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* learning 为现在分词,作宾语补足语(即构成复合宾语)。
* to dance 为不定式,作宾语。
* but 为并列连词,表转折。
* because 为连词,引导原因状语从句。
* needed 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* to live 为不定式,作宾语。
* Zhang Yanyan 开头为陈述句。
* bear 为谓语。
* can 为情态动词。she 为人称代词主格。her 为人称代词宾格。their 为形容词型物主代词。Zhang Yanyan's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
arrive at... | 1) 到达... 2) 达成(协议), 作出(决定), 得出(结论) |
live on... | 1) 以(依靠)...为生; 以...为食 2) 靠...(维持)生活 3) 在...上居住 |
Vocabulary:
youth [ju:θ] | n. | 1) 青少年时期 2) (the youth) 青年,年轻人 3) 青春,朝气, 年轻 |
palace ['pælis] | n. | 1) 王宫,宫殿,总统府 2) (通常作 the Palace)住在王宫里的人,(尤指英国的)王室 |
Jinan | n. | [中国省市] 济南 |
Shandong | n. | [中国省市] 山东 |
examiner [ig'zæminә] | n. | 1) 主考人;考官 2) 审查人;检查人 |
find [faind] | vt. | 1) (意外或偶然地)发现,碰到 2) 找到,找回 |
learn [lən] | vt. | 1) 学,学习, 学会 2) 获知,认识到, 知道 |
dance [dɑ:ns] | vi. | 1) 跳舞 2) 跳跃,雀跃,轻快地移动 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
because [bi'kɔ:z] | conj. | 因为 |
opera ['ɔpәrә] | n. | 1) 歌剧,歌剧剧本,歌剧艺术 2) 歌剧团,歌剧院 |
academy [ә'kædәmi] | n. | 1) (Academy)(艺术,文学,科学等的)研究会,学会 2) 专科院校 |
need [ni:d] | vt. | 需要,必需 |
campus ['kæmpәs] | n. | 校园,校区 |
parent ['perәnt] | n. | 1) 父亲(或母亲) 2) (动、植物的)亲本,亲代,父本,母本 |
bear [bєә] | vi. | 转向(左或北等) |
part [pɑ:t] | n. | 1) 部分 2) 部件,零件 3) 角色,台词 |
young [jʌŋ] | a. | 1) 年轻的,岁数不大的,相对年轻的 2) 幼小的,未成熟的 |
child [tʃaild] | n. | 1) 小孩 2) 儿女 |
句子相关学习点:
as, when, while 的区别
arrive, reach 和 get 的区别
arrive in 和 arrive at 的区别
can 与 be able to 的区别
2. As a young girl, she couldn't even write letters to her family. After her life teacher found out, she taught her to write them word by word on the blackboard, and then she copied them down and sent them to her home.
句子成分分析:
[As a young girl], she couldn't even write letters to her family.
After her life teacher found out, || she taught her to write them word [by word] [on the blackboard], || and [then] she copied them down and sent them to her home.
句子语法结构详解:
(found 为 find 的过去式。taught 为 teach 的过去式。sent 为 send 的过去式。couldn't = could not)
* 第1个 write 为谓语。
* after 为连词,引导时间状语从句。
* found 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* 第2个 she 开头为陈述句。
* taught 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* to write 为不定式,作宾语补足语(或称复合宾语)。
* 第2个 write 为双宾动词。them 为间接宾语,word 为直接宾语。
* 第1个 and 为并列连词,连接并列句。
* copied 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* down 为副词作宾语补足语(即构成复合宾语)。
* sent 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* can 为情态动词。she 为人称代词主格。her, them 为人称代词宾格。her 为形容词型物主代词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
find out | 查出,获知, 弄清楚 |
send...to... | 1) 把...送到... 2) 寄...给... |
Vocabulary:
as [æz] | prep. | 1) 作为, 当作 2) 像,如同 |
young [jʌŋ] | a. | 1) 年轻的,岁数不大的,相对年轻的 2) 幼小的,未成熟的 |
girl [gә:l] | n. | 1) 女孩,姑娘 2) 女儿 |
even ['i:vәn] | ad. | 1) 甚至,即使 2) (用于加强比较)甚至更, 愈加 |
write [rait] | vt. | 1) 写 2) 写,编写,谱写(文章,歌曲等) 3) 写信给(某人) |
| vi. | 1) 写, 写字 2) (文章,歌曲等)写,编写,谱写 |
letter ['letә] | n. | 1) 信件 2) 字母 |
family ['fæmәli] | n. | 1) 家庭 2) 亲属 |
after ['ɑ:ftә] | conj. | (时间上)在...之后 |
life [laif] | n. | 1) 生活,生活经历 2) 生命,性命 3) 一生,终生 |
teacher ['ti:tʃә] | n. | 教师,教员,老师,先生 |
teach [ti:tʃ] | vt. | 1) 教(课程),讲授,教授 2) 教,训练 |
word [wә:d] | n. | 1) 话语,言语 2) 单词 |
blackboard ['blækbɔ:d] | n. | 黑板 |
then [ðen] | ad. | 1) 然后 2) 那时,这时, 当时 |
copy ['kɔpi] | vt. | 1) 复制,复印,仿造,临摹 2) 抄写,誊写 |
down [daun] | ad. | 1) 向下,往下 2) 倒下 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
home [hәum] | n. | 1) 家 2) 住宅,寓所 |
句子相关学习点:
as, when, while 的区别
can 与 be able to 的区别
3. For this reason, she also teaches according to each person's characteristics. "People with good voices can learn literary opera, those who are good at dancing can practice martial opera, and on stage they can be actors.
句子成分分析:
[For this reason], she also teaches [according to each person's characteristics].
"People (with good voices) can learn literary opera, || those (who are good at dancing) can practice martial opera, || and [on stage] they can be actors.
句子语法结构详解:
* teaches 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* learn 为谓语。
* those 开头为陈述句。
* who 为关系代词,引导定语从句。
* are 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 good 为形容词作表语。
* practice 为谓语。
* and 为并列连词,连接并列句。
* be 为系动词作谓语。
* can 为情态动词。she, they 为人称代词主格。those 为指示代词。person's 为名词所有格。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
according to | 根据,据(某人)所述 |
be good at... | 擅长于... |
Vocabulary:
this [θis] | a. | 1) 这(个) 2) 今,本 |
reason ['ri:zn] | n. | 1) 原因,理由,解释 2) 正当理由,道理,情理 |
also ['ɔ:lsәu] | ad. | 而且;此外;也;同样 |
teach [ti:tʃ] | vi. | 教课程,讲授,教授 |
each [i:tʃ] | a. | 每, 各 |
person ['pә:sn] | n. | 1) 人,个人 2) (泛指)人,某人 |
characteristic [,kærәktә'ristik] | n. | 特征,品质 |
people ['pi:pl] | n. | 1) 人,人们,大家 2) 国民,人民,臣民,群众 |
good [gud] | a. | 1) 好的,令人满意的 2) 优质的,符合标准的 |
voice [vɔis] | n. | 1) 声音,嗓音 2) 发言权,影响 |
learn [lən] | vt. | 1) 学,学习, 学会 2) 获知,认识到, 知道 |
literary ['litәrәri] | a. | 1) 文学的,文学上的 2) (语言或写作文体)适于文学作品的,有典型文学作品特征的 |
opera ['ɔpәrә] | n. | 1) 歌剧,歌剧剧本,歌剧艺术 2) 歌剧团,歌剧院 |
dancing ['dænsiŋ] | n. | 跳舞;舞蹈 |
practice ['præktis] | vt. | 1) 练习,训练,实习 2) 经常做,养成...的习惯 |
martial ['mɑ:ʃәl] | a. | 战争的,军事的 |
stage [steidʒ] | n. | 1) 阶段,步骤 2) (发展的)时期 3) 戏台,舞台 |
actor ['æktә] | n. | 演员 |
句子相关学习点:
can 与 be able to 的区别
4. After the performance, they conducted an interactive segment where foreign audience members guessed what the prop guns in Peking Opera could represent besides weapons.
句子成分分析:
[After the performance], they conducted an interactive segment (where foreign audience members guessed | what the prop guns (in Peking Opera) could represent [besides weapons]).
句子语法结构详解:
* conducted 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* where 为关系副词,引导定语从句。
* guessed 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* what 为关系代词,引导宾语从句。
* represent 为谓语。
* can 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。the 为定冠词。an 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
after ['ɑ:ftә] | prep. | 1) (时间、次序或位置)在...之后 2) 仅次于 |
performance [pә'fɔ:mәns] | n. | 1) 表演,演出 2) 艺术上的表现,演技 |
conduct [kən'dʌkt] | vt. | 1) 指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏) 2) 组织,安排,实施,执行 |
interactive | a. | 1) 交互式的,人机对话的,互动的 2) 合作的,相互影响的,互相配合的 |
segment ['segmәnt] | n. | 1) 部分,份,片,段 2) (柑橘、柠檬等的)瓣 |
foreign ['fɔ:rin] | a. | 1) 外国的 2) 涉外的, 外交的 |
audience ['ɔ:diәns] | n. | 1) 观众,听众, 读者 2) (与要人的)会见,觐见,进见 |
member ['membә] | n. | 1) 成员,分子 2) 成员,会员 |
guess [ges] | vt. | 1) 猜测,估计 2) 猜对,猜中,猜到 |
prop [prɔp] | n. | 1) 支柱,支撑物 2) 支持者,支柱,后盾 |
gun [gʌn] | n. | 1) 枪,炮 2) 喷枪 |
Peking ['pi:kiŋ] | n. | [中国省市] 北京 |
opera ['ɔpәrә] | n. | 1) 歌剧,歌剧剧本,歌剧艺术 2) 歌剧团,歌剧院 |
represent [,repri'zent] | vt. | 1) 代表 2) 作为……的发言人,维护……的利益 |
besides [bi'saidz] | prep. | 除...之外(还) |
weapon ['wepәn] | n. | 1) 武器,兵器 2) 手段,工具 |
句子相关学习点:
can 与 be able to 的区别
except, besides 的区别
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