At some point in elementary school, your science teacher may explained to you that there are 365 days in a year because that's how long it takes for Earth to complete one full journey around the sun. What they might not have explained, however, is that it's not exactly 365 days—it’s actually closer to 365. 2421 days.
So, if we want our calendar year to begin right when Earth begins a new turn around the sun, we have to account for roughly an extra quarter of a day each year, or one day every four years. History.com reports that the Egyptians had already been doing this for a while before Europe finally caught on in 46 BC, when Roman Emperor Julius Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes put their heads together to come up with what we now call the Julian calendar, which includes 12 months, 365 days, and an additional ''leap day'' every four years on February 29.
But rounding 0.2421 up to 0.25 each year created an issue, because it didn't quite add up to a full day every four years—and that tiny difference meant that after 128 years, the calendar year ended up starting a day before Earth had completed its journey around the sun. By the 14th century, the calendar year was starting 10 days before Earth finished its orbit.
In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII sought to correct the error by suggesting that we simply skip a leap day every so often. His Gregorian calendar, which we still use today, rules that we skip the leap day during years which can be evenly divided (被整除) by 100 but not by 400. For instance, the year 2000 included a leap day because it can be divided by 100 and 400; the year 2100, on the other hand, will not include a leap day, since it's evenly divided by 100, but not by 400.
Gregory XIII’s correction to Caesar's overcorrection is itself a bit of an under-correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.
一年有365天,因为这是地球绕太阳一周所需的时间。然而,他们可能无法解释的是,它并不是确切的365天——实际上更接近365天。2421天。
所以,如果我们想让我们的日历年正好在地球开始绕太阳转的时候开始,我们必须每年多出大约四分之一天,或者每四年多出一天。据History.com报道,在公元前46年欧洲最终流行起来之前,埃及人已经这样做了一段时间,当时罗马皇帝尤利乌斯·凯撒和天文学家索西格尼斯一起想出了我们现在所说的儒略历,它包括12个月,365天,以及每四年的“闰日”2月29日。
但是将每年0.2421舍入到0.25就产生了一个问题,因为它每四年加起来并不是整整一天——这个微小的差异意味着128年后,公历年开始的时间比地球完成绕太阳公转的时间早一天。到了14世纪,一年开始的时间比地球结束公转轨道的时间早10天。
1582年,教皇格列高利十三世试图纠正这个错误,建议我们只是偶尔跳过一个闰日。他的公历,也就是我们今天仍在使用的公历,规定我们在能被100整除但不能被400整除的年份跳过闰日。例如,2000年有一个闰日,因为它可以被100和400整除;另一方面,2100年不会有闰日,因为它被100整除,而不是400。
格列高利十三世对凯撒过度修正的修正本身就有点不足,所以我们可能需要在大约一万年后重新评估我们的闰日设计。
句子成分分析:
What they might not have explained |, <however>, is | that it's not exactly 365 days -- || it's [actually] closer to 365.
句子语法结构详解:
(it's = it is, closer 为 close 的比较级形式)
* what 为关系代词,引导主语从句。
* explained 为谓语,采用完成时态。
* 第1个 is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* that 为连词,引导表语从句。
* 第2个 is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 it 开头为陈述句。
* 第3个 is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* close 为形容词作表语。
* may 为情态动词。they 为人称代词主格。have 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
not exactly | 完全不, 一点也不, 决不 |
1) (在某事物上)接近 2) (空间或时间上)离...近 |
Vocabulary:
not [nɔt] | ad. | 1) 不,没有 2) 不没有 |
explain [ik'splein] | vt. | 1) 解释,说明,阐明 2) 说明(……的)原因,解释(……的)理由 |
however [hau'evә] | ad. | 1) 然而, 仍然 2) 无论如何,不管怎样, 究竟怎样 3) (与形容词和副词连用) 不管多么 |
day [dei] | n. | 1) 天, 一日,一天 2) 白天,日间 3) 时代;时期 |
actually ['æktʃuәli] | ad. | 1) 实际上,事实上 2) (口语中用于强调事实)的确,真实地,事实上 |
句子成分分析:
[In 1582], Pope Gregory XIII sought to correct the error [by suggesting | that we simply skip a leap day [every so often]].
句子语法结构详解:
(sought 为 seek 的过去式。)
* sought 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* to correct 为不定式,作宾语。
* suggesting 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* skip 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* we 为人称代词主格。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
every so often | 偶尔, 有时 |
Vocabulary:
seek [si:k] | vt. | 1) (向人)请求,寻求 2) 寻找 |
correct [kә'rekt] | vt. | 1) 改正,纠正,修正 2) 批改,改 |
error ['erә] | n. | 错误,差错 |
suggest [sәg'dʒest] | vt. | 1) 建议,提议 2) 推荐,举荐 |
simply ['simpli] | ad. | 1) 简单地, 简明地 2) 只,只是,仅 |
skip [skip] | vt. | 1) 跳过(正常的步骤等),略过,漏过 2) 不做(应做的事),不参加 |
leap [li:p] | n. | 1) 跳跃 2) 骤变,激增 |
day [dei] | n. | 1) 天, 一日,一天 2) 白天,日间 3) 时代;时期 |
句子成分分析:
His Gregorian calendar, (which we still use [today]), rules | that we skip the leap day [during years (which can be [evenly]
divided (被整除) [by 100] but not by 400)].
句子语法结构详解:
* 第1个 which 为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句。
* use 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* rules 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* that 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* skip 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 which 为关系代词,引导定语从句。
* divided 为谓语,采用被动语态。
* can 为情态动词。we 为人称代词主格。his 为形容词型物主代词。be 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
Gregorian calendar | 格里历,公历,阳历(自1582年以来西方国家使用的历法) |
Vocabulary:
still [stil] | ad. | 1) 仍然, 还是,还 2) (加强比较级)还要,还有,更 |
use [ju:z] | vt. | 1) 使用,利用,运用 2) 消耗 |
today [tә'dei] | ad. | 1) 今天, 当今 2) 现在,当今,当代 |
rule [ru:l] | vt. | 1) 控制,统治,支配 2) 支配,控制,操纵 |
skip [skip] | vt. | 1) 跳过(正常的步骤等),略过,漏过 2) 不做(应做的事),不参加 |
leap [li:p] | n. | 1) 跳跃 2) 骤变,激增 |
day [dei] | n. | 1) 天, 一日,一天 2) 白天,日间 3) 时代;时期 |
during ['djuәriŋ] | prep. | 在...期间 |
year [jiә] | n. | 1) 年 2) 一年时间 |
evenly ['i:vәnli] | ad. | 1) 平均地;均等地 2) 平滑地;有规律地;均匀地;相等地 |
divide [di'vaid] | vt. | 1) 使分离,使分开 2) 分配,分享,分担 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
not [nɔt] | ad. | 1) 不,没有 2) 不没有 |
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