Unconfident children can improve their performance in math tests simply by saying nice things to themselves, a study suggests.
A total of 212 fourth to sixth graders, aged between 9 to 13 years old, took part in the research. The children completed a math test in two parts. At the end of the first half, researchers asked the first group of kids to talk to themselves about the amount of effort they would put into the second half of the test before carrying on. The children quietly told themselves: ''I will do my very best. '' Another group was told to consider their ability, by repeating the phrase: ''I am very good at this. '' The rest of the children acted as the control group, and weren't required to say anything. A few days before completing the test, all the kids completed a survey on how they viewed their own and others' abilities.
Compared with kids who didn't do what is known as self-talking, those with low self-confidence who spoke about the effort they'd make did better in the second half of the test. The data led the researchers to conclude children who struggle with negative thoughts about their competence could improve their achievements in school by telling themselves they will put effort into a task.
However, the team said they did not find the same result among children with low self-confidence who spoke to themselves about ability, for self-talk about effort is the key. Meanwhile, they pointed out the findings may not relate to children of other ages, and more research is needed to explore this.
一项研究表明,不自信的孩子可以通过对自己说一些好听的话来提高他们在数学考试中的表现。
共有212名年龄在9至13岁之间的四年级至六年级学生参加了这项研究。孩子们分两部分完成了数学测试。在前半部分结束时,研究人员让第一组孩子在继续测试前,对自己说他们将在后半部分投入多少努力。孩子们悄悄地告诉自己:“我会尽力的。另一组被告知要考虑他们的能力,通过重复这句话:“我很擅长这个。”孩子们被要求写下他们给出的短语,并在解决问题时对自己重复,特别是当他们发现工作具有挑战性时。其余的孩子作为对照组,不需要说任何话。在完成测试前几天,所有的孩子都完成了一份关于他们如何看待自己和他人能力的调查。
与那些没有自言自语的孩子相比,那些缺乏自信但说出自己会努力的孩子在后半部分的测试中表现得更好。这些数据使研究人员得出结论,那些对自己的能力有消极想法的孩子可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高他们在学校的成绩。
然而,研究小组表示,他们在缺乏自信的孩子身上没有发现同样的结果,他们会自言自语地谈论自己的能力,因为自言自语的努力才是关键。同时,他们指出,这些发现可能与其他年龄段的儿童无关,需要更多的研究来探索这一点。
句子成分分析:
Unconfident children can improve their performance [in math tests] [simply by saying nice things to themselves], ||
a study suggests.
句子语法结构详解:
(children 为 child 的复数形式。)
* improve 为谓语。
* saying 为动名词,作介词宾语。
* a 开头为陈述句。
* suggests 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* can 为情态动词。their 为形容词型物主代词。themselves 为自身代词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
say sth to sb | 1) 向某人说..., 告诉某人... 2) 向某人表达..., 向某人显示... |
Vocabulary:
child [tʃaild] | n. | 1) 小孩 2) 儿女 |
improve [im'pru:v] | vt. | 改进,改善 |
performance [pә'fɔ:mәns] | n. | 1) 表演,演出 2) 艺术上的表现,演技 |
math [mæθ] | n. | [口语] (= mathematics) 数学 |
test [test] | n. | 1) 考查,考试,测试 2) 试验,测试 |
simply ['simpli] | ad. | 1) 简单地, 简明地 2) 只,只是,仅 |
nice [nais] | a. | 1) 好心的,和蔼的,友好的 2) 好的,令人愉快的,吸引人的 |
thing [θiŋ] | n. | 1) 东西,物 2) 物件,物品,事物 |
themselves [ðәm'selvz] | pron | 他们自己, 她们自己, 它们自己 |
study ['stʌdi] | n. | 1) 学习,研究 2) 作业,学业 |
句子成分分析:
The rest (of the children) acted as the control group, and weren't required to say anything.
句子语法结构详解:
(children 为 child 的复数形式。weren't = were not)
* acted 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* required 为谓语,采用一般过去时和被动语态。
* to say 为不定式,作主语补足语。
* anything 为不定代词。were 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
act as... | 1) 当作, 起...作用 2) 充担, 提任(某角色或工作) |
Vocabulary:
rest [rest] | n. | 1) 其余部分,残留部分 2) 休息 |
child [tʃaild] | n. | 1) 小孩 2) 儿女 |
control [kәn'trәul] | n. | 1) 控制(能力),操纵(能力) 2) 限制,约束,管制 3) 操纵装置,开关,按钮 4) 管理权,支配权 |
group [gru:p] | n. | 1) 组,团体,群,批 2) [商]集团 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
require [ri'kwaiә] | vt. | 1) 需要,有赖于 2) 要求,规定 |
say [sei] | vt. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 比方说,假设 |
anything ['eniθiŋ] | pron | 1) 任何事物 2) 随便什么东西 |
句子成分分析:
[However], the team said | they did not find | the same result (among children (with low selfconfidence (who
spoke to themselves [about ability], [for self-talk] [about effort]))) is the key.
句子语法结构详解:
(said 为 say 的过去式。spoke 为 speak 的过去式。children 为 child 的复数形式。)
* said 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* they 开头为宾语从句,引导词 that 被省略。
* find 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* 第2个 the 开头为宾语从句,引导词 that 被省略。
* who 为连接代词,引导同位语从句。
* spoke 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* they 为人称代词主格。themselves 为自身代词。did 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
speak to sb about... | 1) 和(某人)谈... 2) (就某事)劝告,责备(某人) |
Vocabulary:
however [hau'evә] | ad. | 1) 然而, 仍然 2) 无论如何,不管怎样, 究竟怎样 3) (与形容词和副词连用) 不管多么 |
team [ti:m] | n. | 1) (游戏或运动的)队 2) (一起工作的)组,班 |
say [sei] | vt. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 比方说,假设 |
find [faind] | vt. | 1) (意外或偶然地)发现,碰到 2) 找到,找回 |
same [seim] | a. | 1) 同样的,相同的 2) (与……)相同的, 一模一样的 |
result [ri'zʌlt] | n. | 1) 结果,后果 2) 结果(包括比分、得票、获胜者或当选者名单等) |
among [ә'mʌŋ] | prep. | 1) 在(其)中,...之一 2) 在...之中,周围是... |
child [tʃaild] | n. | 1) 小孩 2) 儿女 |
low [lәu] | a. | 1) 低的,矮的,离地面近的 2) 在底部的,近底部的 |
self-confidence | n. | 自信 |
themselves [ðәm'selvz] | pron | 他们自己, 她们自己, 它们自己 |
ability [ә'biliti] | n. | 1) 能力 2) 才能,本领,才智 |
about [ә'baut] | prep. | 1) 关于, 有关(...的) 2) 在...附近 3) 在...各处 |
effort ['efәt] | n. | 1) 艰难的尝试,努力 2) 气力,精力,脑力 |
key [ki:] | n. | 1) 钥匙 2) (类似钥匙的)用具 |
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