When you think of the Himalayas, you may picture tall, rocky, snow-covered peaks. But that’s not true.
The subnival (亚冰雪的) region is the zone between the treeline and the snowline. It is 5 to 15 times as large as the areas of glaciers (冰川) and permanent snow, which means studying it is vital to understanding the Himalayas as a whole.
The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem where trees are able to grow, and beyond the treeline environmental conditions become too tough to allow tree growth. Meanwhile, snowlines are the boundaries on mountains that separate areas with permanent snow (where snow is present for the majority of the year) from areas with seasonal or no snow.
Researchers used satellite data from 1993 to 2018 to measure plant cover between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters above sea level. The scientists discovered that the greatest increase in plant cover was between an altitude of 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters. Subnival plants mostly include small shrubs and grasses.
Even areas once completely occupied by glaciers now hold rocks covered with mosses (苔藓), lichen (地衣), and sometimes even flowers. In addition, the snowline seems to be retreating, while the treeline is expanding. This shows that the region is becoming warmer, causing more melting of snow and allowing vegetation to move up in height.
In the past 40 years, 25%of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by about 0.5 meters each year. The rate of glacier melting has doubled in this decade. The melting of glaciers increases water in the region, making it wetter. Receding snow also forces the snowline to move up, providing a greater amount of area for the warm and moist conditions, which are perfect for vegetation growth.
As of now, we do not know whether vegetation will accelerate or slow down the rate of glacier melting.
当你想到喜马拉雅山时,你可能会想到高大、多岩石、白雪皑皑的山峰。但事实并非如此。
亚尼瓦尔(亚冰雪的) 这个区域是在树线和雪线之间的区域。它的面积是冰川面积的5到15倍(冰川) 和永久性的雪,这意味着研究它对于理解整个喜马拉雅山脉至关重要。
树线是树木能够生长的生态系统的边缘,超过树线的环境条件变得太难允许树木生长。同时,雪线是山脉上的边界,将有永久性降雪的地区(一年中大部分时间都有雪)与有季节性或无雪的地区分开。
研究人员使用1993年至2018年的卫星数据测量了海拔4150米至6000米之间的植物覆盖率。科学家们发现,植物覆盖率增加最多的地方是海拔5000米到5500米之间。亚高山植物主要包括小灌木和草。
即使是曾经完全被冰川占据的地区,现在也有覆盖着苔藓的岩石(苔藓), 地衣(地衣), 有时甚至还有花。此外,雪线似乎在后退,而树线却在扩大。这表明该地区正在变暖,导致更多的雪融化,并使植被的高度上升。
在过去的40年里,由于全球变暖,喜马拉雅山脉25%的冰已经消失。喜马拉雅山脉的冰川每年减少约0.5米。冰川融化的速度在这十年里翻了一番。冰川的融化增加了该地区的水资源,使其更加湿润。后退的雪也迫使雪线向上移动,为温暖潮湿的条件提供了更大的面积,这非常适合植被生长。
截至目前,我们还不知道植被是否会加速或减缓冰川融化的速度。
成分分析:
Meanwhile,snowlines are the boundaries [on mountains (that separate areas [with permanent snow(where snow is
present [for the majority (of the year)])from areas (with seasonal or)no snow.
句子语法结构详解:
* are 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* that 为关系代词,引导定语从句。
* separate 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* where 为连词,引导地点状语从句。
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* present 为形容词作表语。
* the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
the majority of... | 大多数... |
Vocabulary:
meanwhile ['mi:nhwail] | ad. | 1) 同时, 与此同时 2) 其间 |
boundary ['baundri] | n. | 1) 边界,界限,分界线 2) (板球)使球越过边界线的击球(得加分) |
mountain ['mauntin] | n. | 1) 高山,山岳 2) 许多,大量 |
separate ['sepәreit] | vt. | 1) 使分离,分散 2) 隔开,阻隔 |
area ['єәriә] | n. | 1) 地区,区域,地域 2) 面积 3) (物体上的)区,部位 4) 领域,方面 |
permanent ['pә:mәnәnt] | a. | 永久的,永恒的,长久的 |
snow [snәu] | n. | 1) 雪 2) 降雪量 |
present ['preznt] | a. | 1) 出现,在场,出席 2) 现在的,当前的 |
year [jiә] | n. | 1) 年 2) 一年时间 |
seasonal ['si:znәl] | a. | 1) 季节的,随季节变化的 2) 节令性的,适应节日需要的 |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或,或者,还是 2) 否则,要不然 |
no [nәu] | a. | 1) 没有, 无 2) 禁止,不准 |
句子成分分析:
[Even] areas once completely occupied by glaciers (now)hold rocks covered with mosses (苔藓), lichen (地衣), and
[sometimes] even flowers.
句子语法结构详解:
* occupied 为谓语,采用一般过去时。
* now 为副词作后置定语
* hold 开头为祈使句。
* hold 为谓语。
* covered 为过去分词,作后置定语。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
be covered with... | 1) 覆盖着..., 遮盖着... 2) 洒满..., 撒满..., 满身(灰尘,泥土,水等) |
Vocabulary:
even ['i:vәn] | ad. | 1) 甚至,即使 2) (用于加强比较)甚至更, 愈加 |
a. | 1) (数量、速度等)变化不大的,均匀的,平稳的 2) 平滑的,平的,平坦的 | |
area ['єәriә] | n. | 1) 地区,区域,地域 2) 面积 3) (物体上的)区,部位 4) 领域,方面 |
once [wʌns] | ad. | 1) 曾经 2) 一次,一回,仅一次 |
completely [kәm'pli:tli] | ad. | 彻底地;完全地;完整地 |
occupy ['ɔkjupai] | vt. | 1) 侵占,占领,占据 2) 使用,占用(空间、面积、时间等) |
glacier ['gleiʃә] | n. | 冰川 |
now [nau] | ad. | 现在, 目前 |
hold [hәuld] | vt. | 1) 拿着,抓住,抱住,托住,夹着,捂住, 按住 2) 使保持(在某位置), 固定住 |
rock [rɔk] | n. | 1) 岩石 2) 石山,礁石 |
moss [mɔs] | n. | 苔藓,地衣 |
lichen ['laikәn] | n. | 地衣 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后,接着 |
sometimes ['sʌmtaimz] | ad. | 有时候; 间或; 偶尔 |
flower ['flauә] | n. | 1) 花; 花朵 2) 开花植物 |
句子成分分析:
As of now, || we do not know | whether vegetation will accelerate or slow down the rate (of glacier melting).
句子语法结构详解:
* as 为连词,引导状语从句。句子有省略。
* we 开头为陈述句。
* know 为谓语,采用一般现在时。
* whether 为连词,引导宾语从句。
* accelerate 为谓语,采用一般将来时。
* slow 为谓语。
* melting 为现在分词,作后置定语。
* will 为情态动词。we 为人称代词主格。do 为助动词。the 为定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Vocabulary:
as [æz] | conj. | 1) 由于, 因为 2) 当...时, 在...期间, 随着... |
now [nau] | n. | 现在 |
know [nәu] | vt. | 1) 知道,知悉,了解 2) 认识到,懂得,意识到 |
whether ['hweðә] | conj. | 1) 是否 2) 不管...(还是), 不论...(还是) |
vegetation [,vedʒi'teiʃәn] | n. | (统称)植物,(尤指某地或环境的)植被,植物群落,草木 |
accelerate [әk'selәreit] | vi. | 1) 加速,加快 2) 加速,加快 |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或,或者,还是 2) 否则,要不然 |
slow [slәu] | vi. | 放慢速度,减缓,松劲 |
down [daun] | prep. | 1) 顺着, 沿着 2) 顺着...向下, 沿着...往下 |
rate [reit] | n. | 1) 比率,率 2) 速度,进度 |
glacier ['gleiʃә] | n. | 冰川 |
melt [melt] | vi. | 1) 熔化,融化 2) 软化,变得温柔 |
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