秒词邦

原文：

不太懂国内的心理学/精神病史研究情况，讲点国外的吧。

（按我所知）从上世纪末开始，就有学者梳理了一些古代文本，用以证明ptsd早以被人类社会所发现。较为著名的如Samuel Pepys and Post-traumatic stress Disorder一文。

但这些文章/专著普遍有一个共性问题，他们提前假设了这些文本，是可以适用回顾性研究的。

为什么说这种假设是问题呢？Jon Arrizabalaga的论文“Problematizing Retrospective Diagnosis in the History of Disease”就以两个医学史研究的例子指出了这种方法的问题（虽然这两个例子都不是精神病方面的）。由于原文总共有10页左右，这里仅对第2个例子做一点极简总结。

19世纪的历史学家，对英国汗热病做出了两种假设:首先是提出汗热病是一种炎症性风湿热。此后又提出了汗热病是由一种诺曼底特有的土壤毒素引起的，随后被人带入英格兰。
到了细菌学的年代，有学者认为它是某种特殊的传染性疾病。
随后到了新世纪，一些生物学家与历史学家又提出，可能是因某种特殊的由节肢动物传播的病毒所引发。
到了2000年左右，又有学者提出CCHF可能是汗热病的候选病原体，但其承认这个结论很难通过通过考古技术证实。

一个物理特征被明确记载下来的流行性疾病，都难以通过回顾性研究分析出来具体情况。就更遑论，那些通常被文化环境所定义，只有行为表现才会被记录的心理/精神类文本了。

对此可以用Aleksandra Pfau的一句话作为评价

鉴于学界 [ 注:无论是心理学家，生物学家还是历史学家们 ] 对此问题存在诸多不同见解，本文将不试图在历史文献中寻找与现代诊断相符合的线索。相反，我们将让这些文本自己发声，直接展示中世纪人民对战争如何影响心理健康的复杂理解方式。

译文：

Author: Dessert Dessert Sweet

Link: https://www.zhihu.com/question/486781452/answer/3524629229

Source: Zhihu

The copyright belongs to the author. For commercial reprints, please contact the author for authorization. For non commercial reprints, please indicate the source.

I don't quite understand the research situation of psychology/psychiatric history in China, let's talk about some foreign studies. As far as I know, since the end of the last century, scholars have sorted out some ancient texts to prove that PTSD has been discovered by human society for a long time. Famous articles such as Samuel Pepys and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. But these articles/monographs generally have a common issue, as they assume in advance that these texts are applicable for retrospective research. Why is this assumption a problem? Jon Arrizabalaga's paper "Solving Retrospective Diagnosis in the History of Disease" points out the problems of this method through two examples of medical history research (although neither of these examples is related to mental illness). due to the total length of the original text being about 10 pages, here is only a brief summary of the second example. In the 19th century, historians made two hypotheses about British sweat fever: first, they proposed that sweat fever is an inflammatory rheumatic fever. Afterwards, it was proposed that sweat fever was caused by a soil toxin unique to Normandy, which was later brought into England. In the era of bacteriology, some scholars believed that it was a special infectious disease. Later in the new century, some biologists and historians proposed that it may have been caused by a special virus transmitted by arthropods. Around 2000, some scholars proposed that CCHF may be a candidate pathogen for sweat fever, but they acknowledged that this conclusion is difficult to confirm through archaeological techniques. It is difficult to analyze the specific situation of an epidemic disease with clearly documented physical characteristics through retrospective research. Not to mention psychological/spiritual texts that are typically defined by cultural environments and only behavioral expressions are recorded. A sentence from Aleksandra Pfau can be used as an evaluation of this issue. Given the diverse perspectives of the academic community [note: whether psychologists, biologists, or historians] on this issue, this article will not attempt to find clues in historical literature that are consistent with modern diagnosis. On the contrary, we will let these texts speak for themselves, directly demonstrating the complex ways in which medieval people understood how war affected mental health.

句子分析1：

Famous articles such as Samuel Pepys and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

句子成分分析：(划分说明)  

Famous articles (such as Samuel Pepys and Post (Traumatic)) Stress Disorder.

句子语法结构详解：

* traumatic 为形容词作后置定语
* stress 为谓语，采用一般现在时。

相关语法知识:
   并列连词
   定语
   时态

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子语法错误检查：

(未发现错误)

句子相关学习点：

 as, when, while 的区别

句子分析2：

Later in the new century, some biologists and historians proposed that it may have been caused by a special virus transmitted by arthropods. 

句子成分分析：(划分说明)  

[Later] [in the new century], some biologists and historians proposed | that it may have been caused [by a special virus transmitted [by arthropods]].

句子语法结构详解：

* proposed 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* caused 为谓语，采用完成时态和被动语态。
* transmitted 为过去分词，作后置定语。
* may 为情态动词。have, been 为助动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

相关语法知识:
   并列连词
   时态
   宾语从句
   被动语态
   过去分词
   some, any 的用法
   情态动词 | 助动词

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子语法错误检查：

(未发现错误)

句子相关学习点：

 in 和 after 后接时间的区别

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