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天津大学在机械设计制造、建筑学等相关专业探索“新工科”教育，天津工业大学选取电子信息工程专业进行“新工科”试点，河北工业大学、天津理工大学等高校也正围绕“新工科”教育开展研讨……近日，关于“新工科”教育推进的信息频频出现。什么是“新工科”？和传统工科比有哪些区别？想要进入这一领域，可以选哪些专业？

　　倒计时10天，我们一起了解一下！

　　什么是“新工科”

　　“新工科”包含两个方面，一个是根据现在的经济发展和产业背景设置的一批新的工科专业，如人工智能、智能制造、机器人、云计算等，还有一个是现有工科专业的改造升级。新一代信息技术产业、高档数控机床和机器人、航空航天装备、海洋工程装备及高技术船舶、先进轨道交通装备、节能与新能源汽车、电力装备、农机装备、新材料、生物医药及高性能医疗器械等都属于“新工科”。

　　“新”在哪里

　　“新工科”的培养不仅要在某一学科专业上精深，还要具备“学科交叉融合”的特征。“新工科”的人才不仅能运用所掌握的知识去解决现有的问题，还有能力学习新知识、新技术去解决未来发展出现的问题，对未来技术和产业起到引领作用。同时，还懂得经济、社会和管理等知识，兼具良好的人文素养。

　　“新工科”包含哪些专业

　　2018年，教育部认定612个项目为首批“新工科”研究与实践项目，包括202个“新工科”综合改革类项目和410个“新工科”专业改革类项目。其中，“新工科”专业改革类涵盖了包括人工智能类、大数据类、智能制造类等19个项目群。

　　想学“新工科”，这些专业值得关注

　　根据此前教育部发布的2023年度普通高等学校本科专业备案和审批结果，以下三个“新工科”相关专业增设点较多。

　　人工智能

　　人工智能属于工学中的电子信息类，是一个以计算机科学为基础，由计算机、心理学、哲学等多学科交叉融合的交叉学科、新兴学科，是研究、开发用于模拟、延伸和扩展人的智能的理论、方法、技术及应用系统的一门新的技术科学，该领域的研究包括机器人、语言识别、图像识别、自然语言处理和专家系统等。

　　2018年，“人工智能”专业首次出现在教育部新增审批本科专业名单中，专业核心课程体系包括人工智能概论、认知科学、机器学习、模式识别、深度学习、知识工程、数据挖掘、物联网等系列课程。近年来，人工智能专业人才培养规模持续扩大。从生源情况看，人工智能专业报考呈现三个特征：录取分数线高、专业兴趣高、继续深造意愿强。

　　拥有该专业国家级一流本科专业的高校：上海交通大学、东南大学、山东大学、华中科技大学、中南大学、四川大学、电子科技大学、西安电子科技大学等。

　　数据科学与大数据技术

　　数据科学与大数据技术属于工学中计算机类，是众多学科与统计学交叉产生的一门新兴学科，涉及数据挖掘、云计算等数学、计算机、统计学等学科知识。数据科学与大数据技术是2015年教育部公布的新增专业。2016年3月公布的《高校本科专业备案和审批结果》中，北京大学、对外经济贸易大学和中南大学3所高校首批获批开设“数据科学与大数据技术”专业。

　　有志于学习数据科学与大数据技术专业的学生，可以从大学的传统优势领域和行业背景考虑选择。比如，复旦大学的大数据技术本科专业是设在大数据学院下；北京大学是在数学院开设了该专业，偏数学的内容更多一些。对外经济贸易大学该专业设在信息学院，专业偏重经济、金融等相关学科领域的知识。

　　拥有该专业国家级一流本科专业的高校：中国人民大学、哈尔滨工业大学、复旦大学、同济大学、华东师范大学、中南大学、西南交通大学等。

　　新能源科学与工程

　　新能源科学与工程属于工学中的能源动力类，是矿业工程、化学工程与技术、安全科学与工程、地质资源与地质工程等多学科交叉融合的新兴学科。

　　由于该专业适用面广，开设高校根据社会需求和自身已有专业积累，设立了各具特色的新能源科学与工程专业。如华中科技大学的新能源科学与工程专业的培养目标是集清洁与可再生能源科学及工程知识与现代信息技术为一体的跨学科复合型高级技术人才和管理人才；厦门大学新能源科学与工程专业是面向核能、太阳能、风能、生物质能、化学储能、能效等国家急需的新能源产业方向，培养具有创新精神和实践能力的科学研究、技术开发、工程应用、经营管理人才的新兴专业。

　　拥有该专业国家级一流本科专业的高校：北京工业大学、华北电力大学、河海大学、厦门大学、华中科技大学、重庆大学、西安交通大学、江苏大学、长沙理工大学等。

翻译:

Tianjin University explores "new engineering" education in mechanical design and manufacturing, architecture and other related majors, Tianjin University of Technology chooses electronic information engineering to pilot "new engineering", Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin University of Technology and other colleges and universities are also carrying out discussions on "new engineering" education... Recently, information about the promotion of "new engineering" education has frequently appeared. What is the "new engineering"? What are the differences with traditional engineering? What majors can I choose if I want to enter this field?

Countdown 10 days, let's get to know!

What is "new engineering"?

"New engineering" includes two aspects, one is a group of new engineering majors set according to the current economic development and industrial background, such as artificial intelligence, intelligent manufacturing, robotics, cloud computing, etc., and the other is the transformation and upgrading of existing engineering majors. The new generation of information technology industry, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, aerospace equipment, Marine engineering equipment and high-tech ships, advanced rail transit equipment, energy-saving and new energy vehicles, electric power equipment, agricultural machinery equipment, new materials, biomedicine and high-performance medical equipment are all "new engineering".

Where's the "new"

The training of "new engineering" should not only be profound in a certain discipline, but also have the characteristics of "interdisciplinary integration". "New engineering" talents can not only use the knowledge mastered to solve existing problems, but also have the ability to learn new knowledge and new technology to solve problems in future development, and play a leading role in future technology and industry. At the same time, he also knows economic, social and management knowledge, and has good humanistic literacy.

What majors does "new engineering" include

In 2018, the Ministry of Education identified 612 projects as the first batch of "new engineering" research and practice projects, including 202 "new engineering" comprehensive reform projects and 410 "new engineering" professional reform projects. Among them, the "new engineering" professional reform category covers 19 project groups, including artificial intelligence, big data, intelligent manufacturing, etc.

If you want to learn "new engineering", these majors are worth paying attention to

According to the results of the record and approval of undergraduate majors in ordinary colleges and universities in 2023 released by the Ministry of Education, the following three "new engineering" related majors have been added more.

Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence belongs to the category of electronic information in engineering. It is an interdisciplinary and emerging discipline based on computer science and integrated by computer, psychology, philosophy and other disciplines. It is a new technical science that researches and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems used to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Research in this field includes robotics, speech recognition, image recognition, natural language processing, and expert systems.

In 2018, the major of "artificial intelligence" appeared for the first time in the list of newly approved undergraduate majors of the Ministry of Education, and the core curriculum system of the major includes a series of courses such as introduction to artificial intelligence, cognitive science, machine learning, pattern recognition, deep learning, knowledge engineering, data mining, and Internet of Things. In recent years, the scale of training artificial intelligence professionals has continued to expand. From the perspective of the source of students, the examination of artificial intelligence majors presents three characteristics: high admission score, high professional interest, and strong willingness to continue studying.

Universities with national first-class undergraduate programs in this major: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Southeast University, Shandong University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, central South University, Sichuan University, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi 'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, etc.

Data science and Big Data technology

Data science and big data technology belong to the computer class of engineering, which is an emerging discipline generated by the intersection of many disciplines and statistics, involving mathematics, computer, statistics and other disciplines such as data mining and cloud computing. Data science and Big Data technology is a new major announced by the Ministry of Education in 2015. In the "Record and Approval Results of Undergraduate Majors in Universities" released in March 2016, Peking University, the University of International Business and Economics and Central South University were the first three universities to be approved to set up "Data Science and Big Data Technology" majors.

Students who are interested in studying data science and big Data technology can consider the traditional strengths of the university in the field and industry background. For example, Fudan University's undergraduate major of Big Data technology is located under the School of Big Data; Peking University offers this major in the School of Mathematics, with more mathematical content. University of International Business and Economics located in the School of Information, the major focuses on the knowledge of economics, finance and other related disciplines.

Universities with the national first-class undergraduate program of this major: Renmin University of China, Harbin Institute of Technology, Fudan University, Tongji University, East China normal University, Central South University, Southwest Jiaotong University, etc.

New energy science and engineering

New energy science and engineering belongs to the energy and power category of engineering, and is an emerging discipline integrating mining engineering, chemical engineering and technology, safety science and engineering, geological resources and geological engineering and other disciplines.

Due to the wide application of this major, colleges and universities have set up new energy science and engineering majors with their own characteristics according to social needs and their own professional accumulation. For example, the training goal of the new energy science and engineering major of Huazhong University of Science and Technology is to integrate the knowledge of clean and renewable energy science and engineering with modern information technology. The major of New Energy Science and Engineering at Xiamen University is an emerging major aiming at the new energy industries urgently needed by the country, such as nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, chemical energy storage, and energy efficiency, and cultivating talents with innovative spirit and practical ability in scientific research, technology development, engineering application, and management.

Universities with national first-class undergraduate programs in this specialty include Beijing University of Technology, North China Electric Power University, Hohai University, Xiamen University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Jiangsu University, Changsha University of Science and Technology, etc.

句子分析：

1.

句子成分分析：

[From the perspective (of the source (of students))], the examination (of artificial intelligence majors) presents three characteristics: high admission score, high professional interest, and strong willingness to continue studying.

句子语法结构详解：

* presents 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* to continue 为不定式，作后置定语。
* studying 为动名词，作宾语。
* the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

2.

句子成分分析：

Universities (with national first-class undergraduate programs (in this)) major:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Southeast University,
Shandong University,
Huazhong University (of Science and Technology),
Central South University,
Sichuan University,
University (of Electronic Science and Technology),
Xi'
an University (of Electronic Science) and Technology, etc.

句子语法结构详解：

* major 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* this 为指示代词。an 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

3.

句子成分分析：

(提示: 读句时出现中断。(原因))
Universities (with national first-class undergraduate programs (in this)) major:
Shanghai Jiao Tong University,
Southeast University,
Shandong University,
Huazhong University (of Science and Technology),
Central South University,
Sichuan University,
University (of Electronic Science and Technology),
Xi'
an University (of Electronic Science) and Technology, etc.

句子语法结构详解：

* major 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* this 为指示代词。an 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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