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Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
几千年来，语言一直在来来往往，但最近来的更少，去的更多。当世界上仍然居住着狩猎采集者时，他们身材矮小，关系紧密(联系)群体之间形成了各自独立的言语模式。一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1000万人时，他们之间可能会说12000种语言。
不久之后，这些人中的许多人开始安定下来成为农民，他们的语言也变得越来越稳定，数量也越来越少。在最近的中心，贸易，工业化。民族国家的发展和普及义务教育。尤其是在过去几十年里，语言的语言化和更好的沟通，导致许多语言消失，英语、西班牙语和汉语等主流语言越来越多地取而代之。
目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。这些语言的分布极不均衡。一般来说，温和地区的语言相对较少。很多人在热的时候经常说。潮湿地带有很多，通常是少数人说的。欧洲只有大约200种语言：美洲大约有1000种。非洲2400人；亚洲及太平洋地区可能有3200人，其中巴布亚新几内亚一国就占800多人。中位数(中位数)讲语言的人只有6000人，这意味着世界上一半的语言使用者比这更少。
6800种语言中已有400多种濒临灭绝(消亡), 只剩下几个年长的演讲者了。随机挑选喀麦隆的Busuu（剩下八位发言者）和墨西哥的Chiapaneco（150位）。美国的Lipan Apache（两三个）或澳大利亚的Wadjigu（一个，带着问号）：这些似乎都没有太大的生存机会。
句子成分分析：
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, || but [in recent times] there has been less coming
and [a lot] more going.
句子语法结构详解：
* 第1个 been 为助动词。
* 第1个 coming 为谓语，采用现在完成进行时。
* 第1个 going 为谓语。
* but 为并列连词，连接并列句，表转折。
* there 引导 there be ... 句型, 表示“有”的意思。
* 第2个 been 为系动词作谓语，采用现在完成时。
* 第2个 going 为动名词。
* have, has 为助动词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
thousands of | 数千, 成千上万, 大量 |
a lot more | 1) 多很多 2) ( ~ + adj/adv)...得多, 更加... |
Vocabulary:
language ['læŋgwidʒ] | n. | 1) 语言，语种 2) 措词，语言风格 |
come [kʌm] | vi. | 1) 来, 来(做某事), 来临 2) 到, 到达， 抵达 3) 发生 |
and [ænd] | conj. | 1) 和, 与, 同, 并 2) 然后，接着 |
go [gəu] | vi. | 1) 去, 走 2) 旅行 |
vi. | 1) 去, 走 2) 旅行 | |
year [jiә] | n. | 1) 年 2) 一年时间 |
but [bʌt] | conj. | 1) 但是 2) 而, 却 |
recent ['ri:snt] | a. | 近来的，新近的 |
time [taim] | n. | 1) 时间 2) 时候 3) 时期，时代 |
less [les] | a. | 较少的，更少的 |
coming ['kʌmiŋ] | n. | (新事物的)到来，来临 |
句子成分分析：
The median number (of speakers) is a mere 6.000, (which means | that halfthe worlds languages are spoken [by
fewer people] [than that]).
句子语法结构详解：
(spoken 为 speak 的过去分词。fewer 为 few 的比较级形式)
* is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* means 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* 第1个 that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* spoken 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* 第2个 that 为指示代词。
* are 为助动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
world language | 世界通用语；国际语言 |
Vocabulary:
median ['mi:diәn] | a. | 1) 中间值的；中间的 2) 在中间的；通过中点的 |
number ['nʌmbә] | n. | 1) 数目,数字 2) 编号，号码, 序数 |
speaker ['spi:kә] | n. | 1) 发言者 2) 说话者 |
mere [miә] | a. | 1) 仅仅的，只不过 2) 只凭……就足以，就能 |
mean [mi:n] | vt. | 1) 意味着，产生...结果 2) 意思是, 意指 |
speak [spi:k] | vt. | 1) 会说，会讲（某种语言） 2) 用（某种语言）说话 |
few [fju:] | a. | 1) 很少， 不多 2) （a few) 几个 |
people ['pi:pl] | n. | 1) 人，人们，大家 2) 国民，人民，臣民，群众 |
than [ðæn] | prep. | 比 |
that [ðæt] | pron | 1) 那(个) 2) (在句中作关系代词, 连接从句) |
句子成分分析：
United States (two or three) or Wadjigu (in Australia (one, withaquestionmark)): none (of these) seems tohave much
chance (of survival).
句子语法结构详解：
* seems 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* to have 为不定式，作状语。
* these 为指示代词。none 为不定代词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释：
Phrase:
the United States | 美国 |
Vocabulary:
two [tu:] | num | 二 |
or [ɔ:] | conj. | 1) 或，或者，还是 2) 否则，要不然 |
three [θri:] | num | 三 |
Australia [ɔ'streiljә] | n. | 澳大利亚 |
one [wʌn] | a. | 1) 一的；一个的；一个人的 2) 单独一个的, 仅仅一个的 |
none [nʌn] | pron | 没有一个，毫无 |
these [ði:z] | pron | 这些 |
seem [si:m] | vi. | 1) 好像，似乎，看来 2) （缓和语气）感到好像，觉得似乎 |
have [hæv] | vt. | 1) 有，持有 2) 吃，喝, 抽(烟) 3) 患病，出现(某症状) |
much [mʌtʃ] | a. | 许多，大量 |
chance [tʃɑ:ns] | n. | 1) 机会，时机 2) 可能性 |
survival [sә'vaivәl] | n. | 1) 生存，存活，幸存 2) 残存物，遗留物，幸存的事物 |
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