专家预测，云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州金平县马鞍底乡的蝴蝶谷将迎来近亿只蝴蝶大爆发。

5月16日，新京报记者从金平县蝴蝶谷博物馆获悉，预计今年蝴蝶爆发时间始于5月18日。每年5月至6月的蝴蝶大爆发奇观，让马鞍底乡成为闻名中外的蝴蝶谷，马拐塘林区、普家寨林区、牛场坪林区、营盘山林区是今年观赏蝴蝶的4个最佳地点。

世界仅两处拥有蝴蝶大爆发奇观

5月16日，生物保护专家、金平分水岭国家级自然保护区管护局科研所所长喻智勇告诉新京报记者，金平县马鞍底乡的竹子特别多，为箭环蝶幼虫提供了充足的食物，“幼虫主要吃竹叶。”喻智勇提到，金平县海拔高差大、立体气候明显、森林资源丰富，气候很适合箭环蝶繁殖生长。

在树干上栖息觅食的箭环蝶。 图源：金平县融媒体中心

公开资料显示，金平县被誉为“中国蝴蝶之乡”，全县森林覆盖率达64.5%，植被丰富，为蝴蝶提供了得天独厚的生存条件。蝴蝶谷位于云南省红河州金平县马鞍底乡境内，是世界上蝴蝶资源最丰富的地区之一。

金平县蝴蝶谷博物馆馆长、蝴蝶谷监测员杨镇文向新京报记者介绍，全球仅有两处会出现蝴蝶大爆发的奇观，一处位于墨西哥境内，另一处就在云南省金平县。“墨西哥的蝴蝶是别地迁飞过去的，而金平县的蝴蝶是祖祖辈辈在这里繁殖活动，爆发时间、种群数量都很稳定，它们不会迁飞，爆发期间也是在寄主的1公里范围内活动。”

杨镇文表示，中国12个蝴蝶科中，马鞍底乡蝴蝶谷就有11个科、320余种，蝴蝶种类繁多，是世界罕见的蝴蝶集聚区。“因为我们这里海拔高差大，低海拔低到105米，高海拔高到3012米。植被多样性造就了蝴蝶的多样性。”

竹林是箭环蝶赖以生存的地方。 图源：金平县融媒体中心

杨镇文于1976年在马鞍底乡出生，他说，小时候此地的蝴蝶就特别多，蝴蝶爆发期间，上学的山路上，常常需要将挡道的蝴蝶赶开，才能继续赶路。杨镇文问过村里的老人，在他们小时候，蝴蝶也特别多。“这里的蝴蝶从古至今都多，蝴蝶爆发现象已形成多少年目前无从考证。”

大爆发期的蝴蝶以金黄色的箭环蝶为主

据杨镇文回忆，在他幼年，蝴蝶爆发期稍晚一点，在6月至7月。自1998年研究蝴蝶之后，他才知道，如今爆发期提前，是受到全球气候变暖影响，“小时候五六月份的气温没有现在高。”大爆发期的蝴蝶，以箭环蝶为主。“翅膀是金黄色的，正面有很多鱼纹。太阳大的时候，金色反光特别漂亮，就像满地的黄金铺在地上。”

杨镇文介绍，蝴蝶的生物学特性是一年一代，现今蝴蝶谷内的蝴蝶五六月份产卵，来年五六月份破蛹成蝶，开始大爆发。一般而言，一整年为一个周期，除非遇上极端的降温或升温天气。

迎着晨曦破蛹振翅的箭环蝶。 图源：金平县融媒体中心

据蝴蝶谷监测团队统计，蝴蝶爆发期间的林区竹子可达46000多亩。杨镇文说，团队将蝴蝶谷分成6大片区、23个林区进行蝴蝶数量监测，从4月份开始观察每一个片区的幼虫，一直观察到幼虫变成蛹。“工作量非常大。大概从4月10日开始观察到6月20日左右。”

团队预测，今年的爆发规模近一亿只。杨镇文提到，蝴蝶是大自然当中非常脆弱的昆虫，是生物多样性具有代表性的物种，是生态环境的指示物种，对气候、环境非常敏感，对生存环境要求较为苛刻。

据了解，马拐塘林区、普家寨林区、牛场坪林区、营盘山林区是今年观赏蝴蝶的4个最佳地点。杨镇文最推荐营盘山林区，预计爆发时间为5月18日至6月15日，“该区域预计爆发数量为2000多万只，为今年最佳观赏点。”

新京报记者 吴淋姝

编辑 刘倩 校对 陈荻雁

新闻译文：

The spectacular butterfly outbreak from May to June every year makes Ma'andi Township a famous butterfly valley both domestically and internationally. The Maguaitang Forest Area, Pujiazhai Forest Area, Niuchangping Forest Area, and Yingpanshan Forest Area are the four best places to watch butterflies this year.

Only two places in the world have the spectacular butterfly explosion

Arrow ring butterflies that inhabit and forage on tree trunks.

Yang Zhenwen stated that among the 12 butterfly families in China, the Butterfly Valley in Ma'andi Township has 11 families and more than 320 species, with a wide variety of butterfly species, making it a rare butterfly gathering area in the world. "Because there is a large altitude difference here, with low elevations as low as 105 meters and high elevations as high as 3012 meters. The diversity of vegetation creates the diversity of butterflies."

The bamboo forest is the place where the arrow ring butterfly relies for survival.

Yang Zhenwen was born in Ma'andi Township in 1976. He said that when he was young, there were many butterflies in this area. During the butterfly outbreak, it was often necessary to drive away the butterflies blocking the way on the mountain road to school in order to continue on the journey. Yang Zhenwen asked the elderly in the village, and when they were young, there were also many butterflies. "There have been many butterflies here from ancient times to the present day, and the phenomenon of butterfly outbreaks has been unknown for many years."

The butterflies during the explosive period are mainly golden arrow ring butterflies

According to Yang Zhenwen's recollection, in his childhood, the butterfly outbreak period was slightly later, from June to July. After studying butterflies in 1998, he found out that the earlier outbreak period was due to the impact of global climate change. "When I was a child, the temperature in May and June was not as high as it is now." The butterflies during the major outbreak period were mainly arrow shaped butterflies. "The wings are golden with many fish patterns on the front. When the sun is bright, the golden reflection is particularly beautiful, like the ground covered in gold."

Yang Zhenwen introduced that the biological characteristics of butterflies are one generation per year. Currently, butterflies in the Butterfly Valley lay eggs in May and June, and in May and June of the following year, they break through their pupae and become butterflies, beginning to explode. generally speaking, a whole year is a cycle, unless encountering extreme cooling or warming weather.

The arrow ring butterfly flapping its wings against the dawn breaking pupae.

According to the Butterfly Valley monitoring team, the bamboo in the forest area during the butterfly outbreak can reach over 46000 acres. Yang Zhenwen said that the team divided the Butterfly Valley into 6 large areas and 23 forest areas for butterfly population monitoring. Starting from April, they observed the larvae in each area until they turned into pupae. "The workload is very heavy. It will be observed from around April 10th to around June 20th."

The team predicts that the scale of this year's outbreak will be nearly 100 million. Yang Zhenwen mentioned that butterflies are very fragile insects in nature, a representative species of biodiversity, and an indicator species of the ecological environment. They are very sensitive to climate and environment, and have strict requirements for their living environment.

It is understood that Ma Guaitang Forest Area, Pujiazhai Forest Area, Niuchangping Forest Area, and Yingpanshan Forest Area are the four best places to watch butterflies this year. Yang Zhenwen highly recommends the Yingpan Mountain Forest Area, which is expected to erupt from May 18th to June 15th. "The expected number of outbreaks in this area is over 20 million, making it the best viewing spot of the year."

New Beijing News reporter Wu Linshu

Editor Liu Qian Proofread Chen Diyan

重点词汇

• 云南省 Yunnan Province ; YUNAN

• 红河哈尼族彝族自治州 Honghe ; honghe hani and yi autonomous prefecture

• 金平县 jinping county

• 大爆发 outburst ; fire storm

• 营盘 military camp ; barracks ; camp

• 山林 mountain forest ; mountain and forest ; wooded mountain

• 平分 bisect ; divide equally ; go halves ; share out ; go fifty-fifty ; share and share alike

• 国家级 national grade ; state level ; state-leveled ; state-levelled

• 自然保护区 natural reserves ; nature reserve ; the Nature Preserve ; nature conservation area ; reserve

• 管护 Management and protection ; grounds-keepers

句子成分分析：

It is understood | that Ma Guaitang Forest Area, Pujiazhai Forest Area, Niuchangping Forest Area, and Yingpanshan 

Forest Area are the four best places to watch butterflies [this year].

句子语法结构详解：

(understood 为 understand 的过去分词。best 为 good 的最高级形式)

* it 为先行主语，代表后移的主语从句。
* understood 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* that 引导主语从句。
* are 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* to watch 为不定式，作后置定语。
* is 为助动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Yang Zhenwen highly recommends the Yingpan Mountain Forest Area, (which is expected to erupt [from May 

18th to June 15th]).

句子语法结构详解：

* recommends 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* expected 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* to erupt 为不定式，作主语补足语。
* is 为助动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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