近年来，我国核电技术快速发展，已经进入世界核电技术第一方阵。近日，中国核能行业协会发布了《中国核能发展报告2024》蓝皮书。

蓝皮书显示，截至目前，我国在建核电机组26台，总装机容量3030万千瓦，在建数量和装机容量均保持世界第一。以“华龙一号”“国和一号”为代表的自主第三代核电技术在我国正有序部署。

与此同时，中国在第四代核电技术的多个技术方向上取得了突破性进展。全球首座投入商业运行的第四代核电站——石岛湾高温气冷堆示范工程，自2023年12月投产以来，发电量已经超过6.5亿度。这标志着我国在第四代核电技术研发和应用领域达到世界领先水平，这也是我国在核能技术方面领先世界的创举。

四代核电高温气冷堆：更安全的未来能源

第四代核电技术有哪些特点？“高温气冷堆”是什么意思？除了“高温气冷堆”外，第四代核能系统还有哪些堆型？

全球首座第四代核电站 装机容量20万千瓦

石岛湾高温气冷堆示范工程位于山东省荣成市，是中国具有完全自主知识产权的国家重大科技专项标志性成果，也是全球首座第四代核电站。该工程装机容量20万千瓦，发电量足以满足20万户家庭的用电需求。

高温：反应堆堆芯采用耐高温材料

高温气冷堆，包括“高温”“气冷”两个关键词。高温是指反应堆堆芯采用石墨、陶瓷等耐高温材料，使得堆芯温度可以达到将近1000摄氏度。

气冷：采用惰性气体氦气进行堆芯冷却传热

气冷是指反应堆采用惰性气体氦气进行堆芯冷却和传热，不同于传统核电站的“水冷”方式。氦气在高温环境下不容易与反应堆中的其他物质发生反应，因此叫做高温气冷堆。

国家科技重大专项高温气冷堆核电站总设计师张作义介绍，2023年利用这个反应堆做了一个很重要的安全验证试验，这个反应堆的停堆冷却不需要外加电、水，把整个外部的输出能量系统停下之后，这个反应堆还能够自己“刹车”，自己慢慢地冷却下来，从科学上证明了反应堆的“固有安全”性。

新闻译文：

In recent years, China's nuclear power technology has developed rapidly and has entered the world's leading field of nuclear power technology. Recently, the China Nuclear energy industry association released the "China Nuclear Energy Development Report 2024" blue book.

According to the Blue Book, as of now, China is constructing 26 nuclear power units with a total installed capacity of 30.3 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world in both the number of units under construction and the installed capacity. The independent third-generation nuclear power technology represented by "Hualong No.1" and "Guohe No.1" is being deployed in an orderly manner in China.

At the same time, China has made breakthrough progress in multiple technological directions of the fourth generation nuclear power technology. The Shidao Bay High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Demonstration Project, the world's first commercial fourth generation nuclear power plant, has generated over 650 million kilowatt hours of electricity since its commissioning in December 2023. This marks that China has reached a world leading level in the research and application of fourth generation nuclear power technology, which is also a pioneering move for China to lead the world in nuclear energy technology.

Fourth generation nuclear high-temperature gas cooled reactor: a safer future energy source

What are the characteristics of the fourth generation nuclear power technology? What does "high-temperature gas cooled reactor" mean? What are the other types of fourth generation nuclear energy systems besides high-temperature gas cooled reactors?

The world's first fourth generation nuclear power plant with an installed capacity of 200000 kilowatts

The Shidao Bay High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Demonstration project is located in Rongcheng City, Shandong Province. It is a national major scientific and technological special achievement with completely independent intellectual property rights in China, and also the world's first fourth generation nuclear power plant. The installed capacity of this project is 200000 kilowatts, and the power generation is sufficient to meet the electricity demand of 200000 households.

High temperature: The reactor core is made of high-temperature resistant materials

High temperature gas cooled reactor, including the keywords "high temperature" and "gas cooled". High temperature refers to the use of high-temperature resistant materials such as graphite and ceramics in the reactor core, which can achieve a core temperature of nearly 1000 degrees Celsius.

Gas cooling: using inert gas helium for core cooling and heat transfer

Gas cooling refers to the use of inert gas helium for core cooling and heat transfer in a reactor, which is different from the traditional "water cooling" method in nuclear power plants. Helium gas is less likely to react with other substances in the reactor in high-temperature environments, hence it is called a high-temperature gas cooled reactor.

Zhang Zuoyi, Chief Designer of the National Science and Technology Major Project High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor Nuclear Power Plant, introduced that in 2023, an important safety verification test was conducted using this reactor. The shutdown cooling of this reactor does not require external electricity or water. After stopping the entire external output energy system, the reactor can also "brake" on its own and slowly cool down, scientifically proving the "inherent safety" of the reactor.

重点词汇

• 近年来 in recent years

• 快速发展 develop rapidly ; rapid growth ; rapid expansion

• 行业协会 Industry associations ; guild

• 总装机容量 Installed Capacity ; total installed capacity ; assemble power

• 装机容量 installed capacity ; installed capacity of ; equipped capacitor ; installed generating sets with a combined capacity of

• 第三代 third generation

• 突破性 Breakthrough ; path-breaking

• 核电站 nuclear power plant ; nuclear power station

• 高温气冷堆 High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor ; HTGR ; HTR ; htr-pm

• 示范工程 demonstration ; Demonstration Project ; CNGI ; RD&D

句子成分分析：

High temperature refers to the use (of hightemperature resistant materials (such as graphite and ceramics)) [in the 

reactor core, (which can achieve a core temperature (of nearly 1000 degrees Celsius))].

句子语法结构详解：

* refers 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* achieve 为谓语。
* can 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Helium gas is less likely to react with other substances [in the reactor] [in high-temperature environments],[hence] 

it is called | a high-temperature gas cooled reactor.

句子语法结构详解：

* 第1个 is 为系动词作谓语，采用一般现在时。
* likely 为形容词作表语。
* to react 为不定式，作状语。
* it 为先行主语，代表后移的主语从句。
* 第2个 is 为助动词。
* called 为谓语，采用一般现在时和被动语态。
* a 开头为主语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* cooled 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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