Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, according to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
研究表明,竞走与跑步有许多健身益处,同时最有可能减少受伤。然而,它也有自己的问题。
竞走运动员是有条件的运动员。夏季奥运会上最长的田径项目是50公里竞走,比马拉松长约5英里。但这项运动的规则要求竞走运动员的膝盖在大部分腿部摆动过程中保持笔直,一只脚保持接触(接触) 始终与地面接触。然而,马萨诸塞州塞勒姆州立大学运动科学助理教授Jaclyn Norberg说,正是这种奇怪的形式使竞走成为一项如此有吸引力的活动。
她说,和跑步一样,竞走对身体的要求也很高。根据大多数计算,竞走者以每小时6英里的速度行走会消耗大约800卡路里(卡路里) 每小时,这大约是步行消耗热量的两倍,尽管比跑步少,跑步每小时可能消耗大约1000或更多卡路里。
然而,Norberg博士说,竞走并不像跑步那样沉重。根据她的研究,跑步者每一步触地的重量是他们体重的四倍,而不离开地面的竞走运动员每一步只产生大约1.4倍的体重。
因此,她说,一些与跑步相关的损伤,如跑步者的膝盖,在竞走运动员中并不常见。但这项运动的奇怪形式确实给脚踝和臀部带来了相当大的压力,因此有此类损伤史的人在采用这项运动时可能需要谨慎。她说,事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该先咨询教练或有经验的赛车手,学习正确的技术。这需要一些练习。
句子成分分析:
Race walking shares(many fitness benefits [with running, <research shows>, while [most likely]] contributing)to fewer injuries.
句子语法结构详解:
(fewer 为 few 的比较级形式)
* 开头为祈使句。
* race 为谓语。
* walking 为现在分词,作状语。
* many 开头为定语从句,引导词 that 被省略。
* benefits 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* running 为动名词。
* shows 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* contributing 为现在分词,作状语。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
1) 捐(款),捐助 2) 是……的原因之一 |
Vocabulary:
race [reis] | vi. | 1) 比赛,参加比赛 2) 快速移动,快速运转 |
walk [wɔ:k] | vt. | 1) 陪伴……走,护送……走 2) 遛(动物), 牵着(动物)走,赶着……走 |
many ['meni] | a. | 许多, 很多 |
fitness | n. | 1) 健壮,健康 2) 适合(某事物或做某事) |
run [rʌn] | vt. | 1) 跑(一段路程) 2) 经营; 管理 |
research [ri'sә:tʃ] | n. | 研究,调查,探索 |
show [ʃәu] | vi. | 1) 展览,陈列 2) 露出,显出 |
while [hwail] | n. | 一会儿, (一段)时间 |
most [mәust] | ad. | 1) 最(与形容词或副词连用构成最高级) 2) (程度上)最大,最多,最高 |
likely ['laikli] | ad. | 或许, 可能 |
few [fju:] | a. | 1) 很少, 不多 2) (a few) 几个 |
injury ['indʒәri] | n. | 1) (对躯体的)伤害,损伤 2) (对感情的)伤害,挫伤 |
句子成分分析:
It's this strange form | that makes race walking such an attractive activity, [however], || says JaclynNorberg,an assistant
professor (of exercise science (at Salem State University (in Salem, Mass))).
句子语法结构详解:
(It's = It is)
* it 为形式主语,用于构成强调句式: it + be + 强调部分 + that...
* is 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* makes 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* walking 为现在分词,作状语。
* an 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
such a... | 1) 如此, 这么 2) 这种 |
assistant professor | 助理教授(在美国和加拿大职位仅低于副教授) |
state university | (美国)州立大学 |
Vocabulary:
this [θis] | a. | 1) 这(个) 2) 今,本 |
strange [streindʒ] | a. | 1) 奇怪的,奇特的,异常的 2) 陌生的,不熟悉的 |
form [fɔ:m] | n. | 1) 形式,形状,样子 2) 表格 |
make [meik] | vt. | 1) 做, 制作, 创造,创作, 建造 2) 使出现, 形成 3) 引起, 使产生 |
race [reis] | n. | 1) 赛跑,速度竞赛 2) 人种,种族 |
walk [wɔ:k] | vt. | 1) 陪伴……走,护送……走 2) 遛(动物), 牵着(动物)走,赶着……走 |
attractive [ә'træktiv] | a. | 1) (物或地方)漂亮的,有吸引力的 2) 性感的,妩媚的,英俊的,诱人的 |
activity [æk'tiviti] | n. | 1) (兴趣、娱乐等)活动 2) 活力,活动性 |
however [hau'evә] | ad. | 1) 然而, 仍然 2) 无论如何,不管怎样, 究竟怎样 3) (与形容词和副词连用) 不管多么 |
say [sei] | vi. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 表达,表述 |
exercise ['eksәsaiz] | n. | 1) (身体及脑部的)锻炼 2) (保持健康或培养技能的)一套动作或锻炼活动 |
science ['saiәns] | n. | 1) 科学 2) 理科 |
Salem | n. | [地名] 塞勒姆 |
mass [mæs] | n. | 1) (也作 Mass) 弥撒 2) 团;块;堆 3) (mass of 或 masses (of) )大量;许多;(the masses) 群众;平民百姓 4) [物理](物体的)质量 |
句子成分分析:
[As a result], she says, || some (of the injuries associated with running, <such as runner's knee>,) are uncommon
[among race walkers].
句子语法结构详解:
* says 为谓语,采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* some 开头为陈述句。
* associated 为过去分词,作后置定语。
* are 为系动词作谓语,采用一般现在时。
* uncommon 为形容词作表语。
* she 为人称代词主格。some 为不定代词。runner's 为名词所有格。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。
句子相关词汇解释:
Phrase:
as a result | 结果 |
associate...with... | 将...和...联系起来, 由...联想到... |
such as | 1) 例如,比如 2) 像……那样的,诸如……之类的 |
Vocabulary:
say [sei] | vi. | 1) 说,讲,告诉 2) 表达,表述 |
injury ['indʒәri] | n. | 1) (对躯体的)伤害,损伤 2) (对感情的)伤害,挫伤 |
running ['rʌniŋ] | n. | 赛跑, 流出, 运转 |
runner ['rʌnә] | n. | 1) 走私者,偷运者 2) 奔跑的人,奔跑的动物(尤指参加速度比赛者) |
knee [ni:] | n. | 1) 膝,膝盖 2) (裤子等的)膝部位置 |
uncommon [,ʌn'kɔmәn] | a. | 1) 不常有的;罕见的;稀罕的 2) 程度深的;特别大的 |
among [ә'mʌŋ] | prep. | 1) 在(其)中,...之一 2) 在...之中,周围是... |
race [reis] | n. | 1) 赛跑,速度竞赛 2) 人种,种族 |
walker ['wɔ:kә] | n. | 1) 步行者;散步的人;徒步旅行者 2) 走路快(或慢等)的人 |
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