秒词邦

If you’ve ever been on a fishing boat, you’ve probably seen crowds of birds following it, hoping to catch a snack. Now scientists use those birds’ behavior to track illegal fishing boats.

Researchers attached data loggers to the backs of 169 albatrosses (信天翁) in Indian oceans. Weighing only 42 grams, the devices included a GPS, which enabled them to detect the presence and intensity of radar signals emitting from boats. That information was then sent by satellite, so the researchers could track the location of the birds—and thus the radar-emitting boats—in real time.

The scientists then cross-checked that data against the known locations of boats, collected from a system boats use to declare themselves, called the Automatic Identification System (AIS). And noticeable differences appeared frequently.

More than a third of the times the birds “loggers” detected radar signals, and therefore a boat, but no such boat appeared in the official log—meaning that the vehicles had likely switched off their AIS—something that probably happens in illegal fishing operations.

The work suggests birds could be an effective boat-monitoring tool as long as illegal fishing operations don’t target the birds.

Fortunately, such a task would be difficult. Around fishing boats, you can find hundreds of birds at any one time that are flying around. And the birds with loggers are not marked in any way. So it’s not really possible for fishermen to pick out a specific bird.

But what concerns researchers is that albatrosses often get caught by some fishing boats. Though regulations have been established to protect against that happening—with success—illegal boats don’t necessarily obey. So scientists might be underestimating the risk posed to albatross populations.

如果你曾经坐过渔船，你可能会看到成群的鸟跟着它，希望能吃到零食。现在，科学家们利用这些鸟的行为来追踪非法渔船。

研究人员在169只信天翁的背部安装了数据记录器(信天翁) 在印度洋。这些设备只有42克重，包括一个GPS，使它们能够检测船只发出的雷达信号的存在和强度。这些信息随后由卫星发送，因此研究人员可以实时跟踪这些鸟的位置，从而跟踪发射雷达的船只。

然后，科学家们将这些数据与船只的已知位置进行了交叉检查，这些数据是从船只用来申报自己的系统——自动识别系统（AIS）——收集的。明显的差异频繁出现。

超过三分之一的鸟类“记录者”检测到雷达信号，因此检测到一艘船，但官方日志中没有出现这样的船——这意味着这些车辆可能已经关闭了AIS——这可能发生在非法捕鱼作业中。

这项工作表明，只要非法捕鱼活动不以鸟类为目标，鸟类就可以成为一种有效的船只监测工具

幸运的是，这样的任务会很困难。在渔船周围，你可以随时发现数百只鸟在四处飞翔。而且那些有伐木工的鸟也没有任何标记。因此，渔民不可能真正挑选出一只特定的鸟。

但研究人员担心的是，信天翁经常被一些渔船捕获。尽管已经制定了防止这种情况发生的法规——并取得了成功——但非法船只并不一定遵守。因此，科学家们可能低估了信天翁种群面临的风险。

句子成分分析：

If you've [ever] been on a fishing boat, || you've [probably] seen crowds (of birds) following it, hoping to catch a snack.

句子语法结构详解：

(seen 为 see 的过去分词。you've = you have)

* if 为连词，引导条件状语从句。
* been 为系动词作谓语，采用现在完成时。
* 第2个 you 开头为陈述句。
* seen 为谓语，采用现在完成时。
* following 为现在分词，作宾语补足语(即构成复合宾语)。
* hoping 为现在分词，作状语。
* to catch 为不定式，作宾语。
* you 为人称代词。have 为助动词。a 为不定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Researchers attached data loggers to the backs (of 169 albatrosses (信天翁)) [in Indian oceans].

句子语法结构详解：

* attached 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

Though regulations have been established to protect [against that happening] -- [with success] -- illegal | boats 

don't [necessarily] obey.

句子语法结构详解：

(don't = do not)

* though 为连词，引导让步状语从句。
* established 为谓语，采用现在完成时和被动语态。
* to protect 为不定式，作状语。
* boats 开头为宾语从句，引导词 that 被省略。
* obey 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* have, been, do 为助动词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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